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【正文】 h information on the note card to refer to the appropriate bibliographical reference. Usually, the author39。s beautiful, mischievous child, Pearl. Dimmesdale has struggled for years with his burden of hidden guilt, but, though he does secret penance, pride prevents him from confessing publicly, and he continues to be tortured by his conscience. Chillingworth39。s education today. 2. Outlining ? An outline is the framework of a research paper. The outline will help you anize your ideas and put your material in good order. ? a topic outline, in which all the parts of your paper are laid out in short phrases. ? a sentence outline, in which all points of your paper are expressed in plete sentences. Unit 4 Writing the First Draft ? Goals ? When writing your paper, learn to 1. use your own words, 2. use the proper tenses, 3. unite facts and views, 4. pay attention to logic and anization, 5. make your tone objective rather than personal, and 6. choose the right style. 1. Using your own words ? The basic principle is that the paper must be yours ─ your ideas, your anization, and for the most part, your own words 2. Using the proper tenses ? 1) When you are dealing with an event or a concept of the past, the past tense should be your basic tense. ? Sample 1 ? Confucius often encouraged his disciples to express their own ideas so that they would form the habit of active thinking. When a student was too timid to express his ideas, the Master urged him on in a most friendly manner, and did not mand him with the severity of an oldstyle Chinese teacher. 2) Biographical details of a person39。 3) Narrowing down the scope of your topic to a specific aspect。 information。s last name and the page number from which you take the information will be sufficient. Sample Kinds of notes Basically, there are three major kinds of notes: the direct quotation, the paraphrase, and the summary. ? The direct quotation is a note that takes down the exact wording of a particular effective statement on a subject. ? The paraphrase is a note that takes down the information of a source in your own words. ? The summary is a note that abstracts and condenses a large amount of material into a small space. Whichever method you use, you mus
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