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三相半波可控整流電路畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)-wenkub

2023-07-12 07:52:32 本頁面
 

【正文】 同步信號為鋸齒波的觸發(fā)電路。圖 35 同步信號為鋸齒波的觸發(fā)電路 脈沖形成與放大環(huán)節(jié) 如圖 36 所示,脈沖形成環(huán)節(jié)是由晶體管 VV 5 組成;放大環(huán)節(jié)由 VV 8 組成。V V 8 處于截止?fàn)顟B(tài),無脈沖輸出。同時(shí),電容 C3 經(jīng)電源+E1 、R 1VD V 4 放電和反向充電,使 V5 基極電位又逐漸上升,直到 Ub5E1( 15V),V 5 又重新導(dǎo)通。R13 和 R16 為 VV 8 的限流電阻,防止由于 V5 長期截至致使 VV 8 長期過流而燒毀。當(dāng) V2 截止時(shí),恒流源電流 I1c 對電容 C2 充電,所以 C2 兩端電壓 為cu1cuidt??因?yàn)? i=I 1c所以 式 (34)1cCItuc 按線性增長,即 V3 的基極電位 ub3 按線性增長。射極跟隨器 V3 的作用是減小控制回路的電流對鋸齒波電壓ub3 的影響。只考慮偏移電壓 up,見圖 35b 。 式 ( 37)687/39。由于 V4 的存在,上述電壓波形與實(shí)際波形有點(diǎn)出入,當(dāng)電壓等于 后,V 4 導(dǎo)通。由前面分析可知 V4 經(jīng)過M 點(diǎn)時(shí)使電路輸出脈沖。;如果是可逆系統(tǒng),需要在整流和逆變狀態(tài)下工作,要求脈沖的移相范圍理論上為 180176。此時(shí),令 uco=0,調(diào)節(jié) up 的大小使產(chǎn)生脈沖的 M 點(diǎn)移至鋸齒波240176。晶閘管電路處于整流工作狀態(tài);如 uco 為負(fù)值,則 M 點(diǎn)向后移,?90176。V 2 由導(dǎo)通變截止期間產(chǎn)生的鋸齒波,V 2 截止持續(xù)時(shí)間就是鋸齒波的寬度, V2 開關(guān)的頻率就是鋸齒波的頻率。同步變壓器二次電壓 uST 經(jīng)二極管 VD1 間接加在 V2 的基極上。當(dāng) Q 點(diǎn)電位達(dá) 時(shí),V2 導(dǎo)通,Q 點(diǎn)電位被鉗位在 。可以看出,Q 點(diǎn)電位從同步電壓負(fù)半周上升段開始時(shí)刻到達(dá) 的時(shí)間越長,V 2 截止時(shí)間就越長,鋸齒波就越寬。電路設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要考慮能瞬時(shí)輸出高電壓和大電流。當(dāng) V8 導(dǎo)通時(shí),C 6 經(jīng)過脈沖變壓器、R 6(C 5)、V 8 迅速放電。當(dāng) V8 有導(dǎo)通變?yōu)榻刂箷r(shí),50V 電源電壓又通過 R15 向 C6 充電,使 B 點(diǎn)電位再升到 50V,準(zhǔn)備下一次強(qiáng)觸發(fā)。圖 33 中,V V 6 兩個(gè)晶體管構(gòu)成一個(gè)“或”門。其中,第一個(gè)脈沖由本相觸發(fā)單元的uc0 對應(yīng)的控制角 使 V4 由截止變?yōu)閷?dǎo)通造成 V5 瞬時(shí)截止,于是 V8 輸出脈沖,隔?60176。其中 VD4 和 R17 的作用,主要是防止雙脈沖信號互相干擾。所以當(dāng) VT2觸發(fā)單元電路的 V4 由截止變?yōu)閷?dǎo)通時(shí),本身輸出一個(gè)脈沖,同時(shí)使 VT1 器件觸發(fā)單元的 V6 管截止,給 VT1 器件補(bǔ)送一個(gè)脈沖。 觸發(fā)電路的定相在三相晶閘管變流裝置中,選擇觸發(fā)電路的同步信號是個(gè)很重要的問題。這種正確選擇同步電壓相位以及獲取不同相位同步電壓的方法,就是觸發(fā)電路的定相。由于同步變壓器二次電壓要分別接到六個(gè)觸發(fā)電路,要有公共接地端,只能是星形接法,故實(shí)際方案只有 12 種?,F(xiàn)假設(shè)主回路整流變壓器為 D,y11 聯(lián)結(jié)的三相半波,同步變壓器為 D,y115的聯(lián)結(jié),如圖 39 示,分析采用鋸齒波 NTN 晶體管的觸發(fā)電路對晶閘管同步電壓相位的選擇,該電路能在整流和逆變狀態(tài)運(yùn)行。的Usu 作為vU?sw?s同步電壓,按此原則,再選其余晶閘管的同步電壓,見表 31。 自鎖電路在接觸器的“ 自鎖” 電路,簡單的兩位按鈕 “開”和“斷”,接觸器的線圈一個(gè)接頭,根據(jù)線圈的電壓要求,接上一條火線或零線。如圖所示: U V W N FR KM SB1 SB2 KM 圖 310 自鎖電路原理圖第 4 章 確定變壓器的結(jié)構(gòu)和容量 變壓器的容量計(jì)算本設(shè)計(jì)屬于三級負(fù)荷,故只需一臺變壓器即可。A 式(43)30S25463UI?考慮到變壓器留有一定余量,我們選擇 Sn= S30==227kV變壓器的型號可選 S9200/10()。一、二次側(cè)電壓為 250/380V 的配電變壓器有 Y,yn0 和 D,yn11(即?/Y011)兩種常見的組別。所以,我們選擇 D,yn11 聯(lián)結(jié)變壓器。變壓器的型號可選 S9200/10(),聯(lián)結(jié)組標(biāo)號 D,yn11。再考慮到安全裕量,取 2 倍為 1104A,可選通態(tài)平均電流參數(shù)為 1000A 的晶閘管。第 6 章 計(jì)算主電路的平波電抗器量 主電路電抗器總電感量的計(jì)算整流電路的脈動數(shù) m= ,其數(shù)目總是有限的,比直流電機(jī)每對極下?lián)Q向片的數(shù)目要少的多,因此,除非主電路電感 L=∞ 否則,VM 系統(tǒng)的電流脈動更為嚴(yán)重。(2)設(shè)置平波電抗器。這就是說把轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)器的輸出作為電流調(diào)節(jié)器的輸入,再用電流調(diào)節(jié)器的輸出去控制晶閘管整流器的觸發(fā)裝置。fidnKI?? 則 39。2n 電流環(huán) 39。%176。因此 式(711 )??? 式(712)??? 校驗(yàn)近似條件,電流環(huán)截止頻率 ?(1) 晶閘管裝置傳遞函數(shù)近似條件 13cisWT?現(xiàn)在 滿足近似條件???(2) 忽略反電動勢對電流環(huán)影響的條件 13mlciT?現(xiàn)在 滿足近似條件 ciT Wss?????(3) 小時(shí)間常數(shù)近似處理?xiàng)l件:13cisoiWT?現(xiàn)在 滿足近似條1 WsT?????件 電流調(diào)節(jié)器原理圖如下所示,按所有運(yùn)算放大器取 各電阻和電容值計(jì)算如下:04Rk???0取30..56iiCFFR????.取0??0.按照上述參數(shù),電流環(huán)可以達(dá)到 動態(tài)指標(biāo)為 滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。為使系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)性能更好,該系統(tǒng)采用無靜差調(diào)節(jié),即轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)器采用比例積分調(diào)節(jié)器(PI 調(diào)節(jié)器) ,使系統(tǒng)保證恒速運(yùn)行,以保證滿足更嚴(yán)格的生產(chǎn)要求。再次深深體會到書本上的知識是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的,要更加深入得了解控制領(lǐng)域需要不斷的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐,才能夠保持與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。希望這次的經(jīng)歷能讓我在以后學(xué)習(xí)中激勵(lì)我繼續(xù)進(jìn)步。 附錄 A the equivalent dc value. In the analysis of electronic circuits to be considered in a later course, both dc and ac sources of voltage will be applied to the same work. It will then be necessary to know or determine the dc (or average value) and ac ponents of the voltage or current in various parts of the system.EXAMPLE Determine the average value of the waveforms of Fig. .FIG. Example .Solutions:a. By inspection, the area above the axis equals the area below over one cycle, resulting in an average value of zero volts.b. Using Eq.():as shown in Fig. .In reality, the waveform of Fig. (b) is simply the square wave of Fig. (a) with a dc shift of 4 V。 that is, the area above the axis will equal the area below.3. Then switch to DC (to permit both the dc and the ac ponents of the waveform to enter the oscilloscope), and note the shift in the chosen level of part 2, as shown in Fig. (b). Equation() can then be used to determine the dc or average value of the waveform. For the waveform of Fig. (b), the average value is aboutThe procedure outlined above can be applied to any alternating waveform such as the one in Fig. . In some cases the average value may require moving the starting position of the waveform under the AC option to a different region of the screen or choosing a higher voltage scale. DMMs can read the average or dc level of any waveform by simply choosing the appropriate scale. EFFECTIVE (rms) VALUESThis section will begin to relate dc and ac quantities with respect to the power delivered to a load. It will help us determine the amplitude of a sinusoidal ac current required to deliver the same power as a particular dc current. The question frequently arises, How is it possible for a sinusoidal ac quantity to deliver a power if, over a full cycle, the current in any one direction is zero (average value  0)? It would almost appear that the power delivered during the positive portion of the sinusoidal waveform is withdrawn during the negative portion, and since the two are equal in magnitude, the power delivered is zero. However, understand that irrespective of direction, current of any magnitude through a resistor will deliver power to that resistor. In other words, during the positive or negative portions of a sinusoidal ac current, power is being delivered at eachinstant of time to the resistor. The power delivered at each instant will, of course, vary with the magnitude of the sinusoidal ac current, but there will be a flow during either the positive or the negative pulses with a flow over the full cycle. The power flow will equal twice that delivered by either the positive or the negative regions of sinusoidal quantity. A fixed relationship between ac and dc voltages and currents can be derived from the experimental setup shown in Fig. . A resistor in a water bath is connected by switches to a dc and an ac supply. If switch 1 is closed, a dc current I, determined by the resistance R and battery voltage E, will be established through the resistor R. The temperature reached by the
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