外文翻譯computerprogram英文-wenkub
2023-07-11 19:16:14 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 and thus can be executed by the puter much more quickly than interpreted languages. For this reason, piled languages are more mon and are almost always used in professional and scientific applications.Another type of translator is the assembler, which is used for programs or parts of programs written in assembly language. Assembly language is another programming language, but it is much more similar to machine language than other types of highlevel languages. In assembly language, a single statement can usually be translated into a single instruction of machine language. Today, assembly language is rarely used to write an entire program, but is instead most often used when the programmer needs to directly control some aspect of the puter’s function.Programs are often written as a set of smaller pieces, with each piece representing some aspect of the overall application program. After each piece has been piled separately, a program called a linker bines all of the translated pieces into a single executable program.Programs seldom work correctly the first time, so a program called a debugger is often used to help find problems called bugs. Debugging programs usually detect an event in the executing program and point the programmer back to the origin of the event in the program code.Recent programming systems, such as Java, use a bination of approaches to create and execute programs. A piler takes a Java source program and translates it into an intermediate form. Such intermediate programs are then transferred over the Internet into puters where an interpreter program then executes the intermediate form as an application program.3 Program ElementsMost programs are built from just a few kinds of steps that are repeated many times in different contexts and in different binations throughout the program. The most mon step performs some putation, and then proceeds to the next step in the program, in the order specified by the programmer.Programs often need to repeat a short series of steps many times, for instance in looking through a list of game scores and finding the highest score. Such repetitive sequences of code are called loops.One of the capabilities that makes puter so useful is their ability to make conditional decisions and perform different instructions based on the values of data being processed. Ifthenelse statements implement this function by testing some piece of data and then selecting one of two sequences of instructions on the basis of the result. One of the instructions in these alternatives may be a goto statement that directs the puter to select its next instruction from a different part of the program. For example, a program might pare two numbers and branch to a different part of the program depending on the result of the parison: If x is greater than y Then Goto instruction 10
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