【正文】 數(shù)倍，所以必須對B路口的相位差做一定的調(diào)整，以達(dá)到較好的相位差協(xié)調(diào)效果，路口和關(guān)鍵路口的相位差關(guān)系如圖22所示：圖22各路口和關(guān)鍵路口的相位差關(guān)系對相位差影響最大的因素是相鄰交叉口間的車流行駛速度。 區(qū)域交通流量根據(jù)韋伯方程可知，在信號配時時，常用的周期計算公式為 ()式中，C——信號周期時長，s； L——信號總損失時間，s。 O——基本相位差。排隊長度指標(biāo)是在交叉口控制中最常用的指標(biāo)之一，是常用來判斷交叉口交通狀況優(yōu)劣的重要指標(biāo)。圖24相位差協(xié)調(diào)順序由于以A 交叉口信號起始為基準(zhǔn)，故無法協(xié)調(diào)A、D之間，所以AD應(yīng)選取區(qū)域中的支路，即車流量較少，交通狀況較好的路段。以新中街上A、B兩交叉口為例，路口間距450M，路段上車輛平均行駛速度36km/h，A路口信號配時為：綠燈32s，紅燈49s，B路口信號配時為：綠燈38s，紅燈44s。即：O39。 ?O—相位差提前量26車輛排隊示意圖如圖所示，相位差理想提前量應(yīng)是使排隊車輛消散的時間，即?O=L/V ()或是另一種情況，即當(dāng)車輛行駛到車輛下流車輛排隊隊尾時，綠燈亮起，車輛隨車流隊尾行駛。調(diào)查時間一般選在交通運行情況正常的工作日，避開周末、節(jié)假日或者大型活動，另外也要避免交通異常的日子。調(diào)查地點為城后區(qū)域的四個交叉口，區(qū)域四交叉口位置如圖31所示。該系統(tǒng)是一個微觀的、以車輛駕駛行為為基礎(chǔ)的交通仿真軟件。由德國 Wiedemann 教授提出的心理生理車輛跟車模型將跟車狀態(tài)通 6 個閾值分為 4 個區(qū)域，駕駛員在 4 個區(qū)域中有不同的跟車特性模型，基于這一理論基礎(chǔ)而開發(fā)的微觀交通仿真軟件 VISSIM 應(yīng)能較真實地反映和重現(xiàn)實際交通狀況，可以方便地模擬信號燈控制交叉口、無信號控制交叉口和立交設(shè)施設(shè)計，是目前比較理想的微觀模擬軟件之一。圖41 城后街區(qū)域仿真路網(wǎng) （2）仿真方案：舊方案仿真根據(jù)現(xiàn)行信號配時中的各個交叉口的綠燈時間進(jìn)行仿真，仿真時間為 600s，設(shè)定輸出為各交叉口的平均延誤和平均停車次數(shù)，數(shù)據(jù)輸出間隔為 60s。圖43 高峰期現(xiàn)行配時方案仿真 仿真結(jié)果及分析 相位差方案見表41方案AB相位差方案BC相位差方案CD相位差方案理想信號相位差/s理想信號相位差/s理想信號相位差/s平峰期異步協(xié)調(diào)33異步協(xié)調(diào)31異步協(xié)調(diào)29高峰期異步協(xié)調(diào)38異步協(xié)調(diào)37異步協(xié)調(diào)35表41相位差方案對比從表中數(shù)據(jù)可以看出，平峰期和高峰期的總相位差分別為123s和163s，對比平峰期和高峰期的相位差，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，在高峰期的相位差相對增大，主要影響因素在于高峰期間車流量較大，車輛的行駛速度明顯降低對相位差值產(chǎn)生影響。論文中還有很多不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)牡胤?，希望自己能在今后的學(xué)習(xí)中愈發(fā)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)與完善，取得更大的進(jìn)步！6 致謝在北方工業(yè)大學(xué)美好的四年學(xué)習(xí)、生活就要結(jié)束了，轉(zhuǎn)眼已畢業(yè)在即，在這里謹(jǐn)向在求學(xué)期間給予我關(guān)心、支持和幫助的師長、朋友及家人致以誠摯的謝意?？紤]到成都的交通飽和將導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的交通沖突。2．基于交叉口交通渠化特征的和諧交通在《成都市城市交通發(fā)展白皮書》（2005年）中，我們將提出這一戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想，是構(gòu)建和諧交通，它的兩個基本特點是人文與環(huán)保和三個關(guān)鍵目標(biāo)是下面的安全，方便，環(huán)保。4） 容量的優(yōu)化它可以通過減少路口沖突面積有效地提高通行能力，推進(jìn)停車線，合理安排的入口和出口的辦法。雖然寬敞空間資源容納交叉口行人和自行車之間或機(jī)動車的需求，合理的交通渠化不夠，空間資源的效用低，并嚴(yán)重的交叉口沖突極大地限制了通行能力（）?？刹扇〉姆椒òㄍㄟ^偏移路面中線增加入口車道數(shù)，擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口或減少關(guān)閉出口，同時還要考慮進(jìn)入的車輛與道路通行能力相匹配。當(dāng)兩個道路交叉角小于75176。/R＋ /)2＋注： R’— 最小轉(zhuǎn)向半徑 L’— 車寬 R—提前右轉(zhuǎn)車道的轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑 L—車長2）安全島的安全區(qū)域，當(dāng)該地區(qū)面積太有限，路面應(yīng)當(dāng)采用人行道標(biāo)志。Ap+Qb）。Sa—。安全島的尾部對通行的車輛應(yīng)是可觀測的和足夠流暢的。玉帶橋路口位于成都的羅馬室中心業(yè)商業(yè)區(qū)?；诮煌ㄐ枨筇攸c，渠化措施主要包括（表5）：表5 玉帶橋交叉口交通渠化設(shè)計對比交通渠化中的關(guān)鍵點?? 去掉該環(huán)形立交的平面交叉。?? 分開人行道區(qū)的行人和自行車。除了過街行人的安全和方便是大大提高，改善交叉口美化環(huán)境和無障礙道路通過優(yōu)化交通流的組織得到了改善外，同時周圍地區(qū)營業(yè)額提高增加了12個百分點。INTERSECTION TRAFFIC CHANNELIZATION MODE BASED ON HARMONIOUS TRAFFICAbstract：Based on the characteristics and aims of harmonious traffic，this paper analyzes the characteristics of intersection traffic channelization. Considering the serious traffic conflict resulted from mixed traffic of Cheng Du. This paper observes the basic principles which guarantee traffic safety and furthest improve intersection capacity, emphasizes the safety and convenience for pedestrian and bicyclist crossing, bines the traffic channelization design with urban landscape design to emphasize the environmental benefits of intersection. This paper discussed mainly the theory and methods of traffic channelization including the organization of temporal and spatial separation of motor and nonmotor, the traffic island design and so on and finally put forward the original intersection traffic channelization mode , which is safe, efficient, convenient and environmental and successfully applied to the project of Yu Daiqiao intersection reconstruction.Key words: Traffic Channelization, Harmonious Traffic, Intersection1 IntroductionWith regard to the mixed traffic characteristics in China, like Chengdu which has a high density of population, a large proportion of bicycling travel and serious conflicts between motor and nonmotor, a scientific and effective traffic channelization model is urgently demanded, which can enhance the safety and capacity of intersections and the convenience of pedestrian and bicyclist behavior, and bine the traffic channelization with the landscape design to optimize the prehensive benefits and construct the harmonious traffic.2 Intersection Traffic Channelization Characteristics Based on Harmonious TrafficInChengdu Urban Transport Development White Paper(2005), we put forward that the strategic concept is to construct harmonious traffic, of which two basic characteristics are humanism and environmentalism and three critical objectives are safety, convenience and environmentalism are as follows.1) Service pattern which fully protects the weak transportation munity. In view of released traffic energy risk degree of different traffic modes, the pedestrians and bicyclists are classified as weak transportation munity and the service level gradually increases according to the rank of private car, public transportation, bicyclist and pedestrian respectively.2) SafetyWith the aid of traffic island and legible traffic signs, the distinct distinction of temporal and spatial rights among pedestrians, bicyclists and motors can be achieved to enhance traffic safety.3) People orientedThe design of traffic islands and nonbarrier facility and so on should meet the demand of human behavior, and pay attention to the demand of disable group. 4) The Optimization of capacityIt is effective to optimize intersection capacity by reducing conflicting area, advancing the stop line, reasonably arranging the entry and exit approaches.5) Environment friendlyTraffic channelization should be connected with landscape design and the humanity design to improve the environmental benefit of intersections.3 A Case Study of Chengdu Analysis on intersection and its traffic demand characteristics of Chengdulevel of roadRoadRestrictionLine(m)????Area(m178。/R＋ /)2＋??≤40D1≥D4R’－/2 R’－ L’/2≥(L178。TbQp，Qb—the arrival rate of pedestrians and bicyclists (person/hour,bicycles/hour)。 Sa—safety coefficient 。Ap，Ab—the static refuge area for one person and one bicyclist. They are respectively m178。Sl/3600 (1)In the equation:A—The refuge area of traffic island (m178。Tp. Though the modious intersection space resources acmodate the interchanging demand between pedestrians and bicycles or motors, the lack of reasonable traffic channelization, the low utility of space resources, and the serious conflict greatly restrict the intersection capacity(). Tempo