【正文】 le7. The semantic ponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as ___. A. +animate, +male, +human, adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult A. +animate, male, +human, adult D. + animate, male, +human, +adult B8. _____ is a phrase which can only be understood as a unit, not as a summation of the meaning of each constituent word. A. Collocation B. Idiom C. Semantic ponent D. Synonym B9. In the triangle advanced by Ogden and Richards, “thought or reference” is____ A. word, sentence B. the object C. concept D. symbol B10. A linguistic is interested in _____. A. What is said. B. What is right both in syntax and in semantics. B C. What is grammatical D. What ought to be said.11. The pair of words “l(fā)end” and “borrow” are _____. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. synonyms D. cohyponyms B12. Nouns, verbs, and adjectives can be classified as _____. A. Lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words A13. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “flower/tulip” ? A. Polysemy B. Homonymy C. Hyponymy D. Antonymy C14. The words “railway” and “railroad” are _____. A. synonyms differing in emotive meaning B. dialectal synonyms C. collocationallyrestricted synonyms D. synomyms differing in styles B15. The pair of words “wide/narrow” are called____. A. gradable opposites B. plementary antonyms C. cohyponyms D. relational opposites A 16. Which of the following twoterm sets shows the feature of plementaries? A. single/marries B. lend/borrow C. hot/cold D. old/young A II. Answer the questions with “Yes” or “No” .1. Is reference tied to a particular time and place? Y2. Every word in a language can find at least one referent in the objective world. ? N3. Can different expressions have the same referent? Y4. Can reference be applied to words such as “and” ,”very” in English? NIII. State the following sentences “True” or “False”. 1. Sense is regarded as a kind of intralinguistic relationship. T 2. In most cases, “sense ” and “meaning” are different terms for the same 3. Every word has its own sense. F 4. A word may have several different senses and several words may have the same sense. T 5. Extension, like denotation, is a kind of relation between elements and the objective world. T 6. Extension can only be applied to the things at present. F 7. The relation between extension and intension is the same as that between denotation and sense. T 8. People of different cultures may choose different prototype for the same predicate, . ‘bus’. T 9. All the words in a language can be used to refer , but only some have sense. F 10. Two synonymous words must be identical in sense in every dimension. F 11. There are very few perfect synonyms in a language. T 12. Entailment is more inclusive than paraphrase. T 13. Almost every word in a dictionary is polysemic. T 14. Dry and wet are a pair of gradable antonyms. T 15. Innocent and guilt are a pair of relative antonyms. F Complementary 16. The relationship between the Argument and Predicate is Subject to predicate. F 17. The meaning of each expression can be defined in terms of its semantic ponents so as to contrast with the meaning of all the expressions in the same language. T 18. The proposition of a sentence may be more simply stated as a verb and a selection of case categories. T19. According to case grammar, the part of proposition in a sentence is a tensed set of relationships between a verb and a noun phrase ( or noun phrases). IV. What role does each of the underlined phrases play?1. John hit Fred on the head with a brick. A Ex Loc Ins2. James heard the news from Peter. Ex. O Source3. Mr. Smith made a vase out of this clay. A Resu Source4. These books were given to my sister by John. O Bene A5. Smoke filled the room. Ins Loc V. Do the following pairs of sentences synonymous? What is the difference between them. 1. He refused her invitation. General He declined her incitation. polite Y2. The young man had no gust to face the reality. Colloquial The young man had no courage to face the reality. Y general 3. A torrent of rain inundated the basement. literaryA torrent of rain flooded the basement. mon 4. His proposal was turned down by the mittee. colloquialHis proposal was rejected by the mittee intense 5. Susan has recently rented a flat in this area. BE Susan has recently rented an apartment in this area. AE6. Eric bought a new car for his parents on the day of their 25th anniversary. gen Eric purchased a new car for his parents on the day of their 25th anniversary. formal7. They came to pay their respect to the deceased. professional They came to pay their respect to the dead. General8. This stuff has a bad smell. slangThis material has a bad smell. CommonVI. Write down the logic formulae for the following simple propositions:1. John loves his family. L(j,f)2. Matha is the aunt of Peter. Aunt (m,p)3. Jack is lying in bed. Lie (j, b) 4. Ellen is proud of her son. Proud (e, s)5. Jim returned the book to the professor. Return (j,b, p)VII. Fill in the blanks in the following passage by choosing the appropriate word. Semantics is the study of ______(1) of language. It is one of the three ponents of _______(2) . According to Chomsky’s theory , it is at the _______(3) level of language. Semantics concentrates on the _______(4) between languages, rather than on the _______(5).Most language utterances（話語） depend for their interpretation upon the ________(6) in which they are used, and the vast majority of them have a