【正文】 師 李豐 的指導(dǎo)下獨立撰寫完成的。因此，戲劇翻譯以舞臺表演為目的才能達到舞臺演出的最佳效果，并最大限度地滿足觀眾的需求。這種行為的結(jié)果則是譯文。 戲劇《茶館》是我國現(xiàn)代著名小說家，戲劇家老舍杰出的代表作。 本文要突破的問題是運用意譯和歸化的翻譯技巧和策略，分別從語言和文化兩個角度闡述英若誠以舞臺表演為中心的戲劇翻譯。 Teahouse Contents Introduction.......................................................................................... 1 Chapter one Drama and Drama Translation............................................ 3 An introduction of drama ........................................................... 3 A brief summary of drama Teahouse .......................................... 4 Ruocheng and his translation of Teahouse ........................... 5 Chapter Two An Overview of Skopos Theory ........................................ 6 Vermeer?s Skopos theory ........................................................... 6 Skopos theory in drama translation............................................. 7 Ying Ruocheng?s performanceorientation and Skopos theory ..... 8 Chapter Three Analysis of Ying Ruocheng?s Translation Method and Strategy of Teahouse ........................................................................................ 10 Liberal translation from the linguistic perspective ..................... 10 On word level ................................................................. 10 On sentence level ............................................................ 12 Domesticating translation from the cultural perspective ............ 13 Reflection of religious culture ......................................... 14 Reflection of material culture .......................................... 14 Reflection of social culture .............................................. 15 Conclusion ......................................................................................... 17 Bibliography ...................................................................................... 18 1 Introduction As a special genre, drama is a performing art as well as a literary art. The word “Drama” es from dran in Greek, which means “action” and “thing done”. In Oxford Advanced Learner’s EnglishChinese Dictionary:“ Drama” is a term of play for the theatre, radio and TV. It is also a term of plays as a branch of literature and as a performing art. (2020:437) In China, there are many classical and excellent drama works. A similar case is Teahouse which is written by Lao She who is one of the most renowned contemporary Chinese writers. Teahouse was first translated by Ying Ruocheng in 1979 when BeiJing People?s Art Theatre was invited to deliver performance in Europe. Ying Ruocheng is not only a wellknown artist of performance but also an outstanding theatre director. Moreover, he has a good mand of English and foreign literature. Skopos theory is an approach to translation developed in German in the late 1970s which is an essential theory in translation theories. It views translation as a specific form of human action. There is no doubt that drama translation is also a human action with a specific purpose. This thesis intends to analyze the performanceoriented drama translation from the point view of Skopos theory. The author selects liberal translation method and domesticating translation strategy to verify Ying Ruocheng?s performanceoriented drama translation from linguistic and cultural aspects. Liberal translation conveys the true meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or word form. Domesticating translation is a transparent, fluent style which is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language reader. As a matter of fact, Ying Ruocheng?s drama translation is mainly about this two translation method and strategy. This thesis consists of three parts: In chapter one, first of all, it makes a brief introduction of drama and 2 concerns about its definition, classification and usage. Then it introduces Lao She and his drama Teahouse in detail. At last, it mentions the English version of Teahouse, which is translated by Ying Ruocheng and then followed by his personal introduction. In chapter two, the author mainly focuses on the Skopos theory and with much content about drama translation in Skopos theory. In the end, the author emphasizes Ying Ruocheng?s performanceorientation from the perspective of Skopos theory. In chapter three, it provides a detailed analysis of Ying Ruocheng?s performanceoriented drama translation from linguistic and cultural aspects. The author selected liberal translation and domesticating translation as translation strategy to certify a good translation is in ply with its translation purpose. Finally, the author makes a conclusion and restates the influence of Skopos theory on the translation of Teahouse. When turning to drama translation, translators apply suitable strategies to fulfill their primary skopos which will make the translation an excellent and successful one. 3 Chapter one Drama and Drama Translation As a special literary genre, drama makes translation bee a difficult task. It is necessary for us to know about the definition and classification of drama. In this chapter, the author picks up Lao She?s excellent drama works as an example and makes a detailed introduction of Ying Ruocheng and his English version of Teahouse. An introduction of drama The word “Drama” es from dran in Greek, which means “action” and “thing done”. Oscar G. Brockett in his book The Theatre: An Introduction writes that drama is “one of the arts of the theatrethat concerned with creating a scenario, over all plan or plete script (including all dialogues and directions for action and stage effects) as a basis for performance.”(Brockett, 1974:7) There are many forms