【正文】 on. No indemnification is required under Section [insert the number of the Section in which Party B agrees to indemnify Party A] until the aggregate amount of Losses [plus Litigation Expenses] exceeds [$500,000], and then only for the amount by which the aggregate amount of Indemnifiable Losses exceeds [$500,000].”學(xué)過法律英語的人都知道，這個(gè)句子實(shí)際上在法律英語句子中是比較短小和簡單的一句，語法問題難不倒我們，難的是里面的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵的 詞匯，比如indemnification、indemnify 、 Indemnifiable 、aggregate、Litigation以及exceed。” 除 了生僻的詞匯以外，我們還要注意大量的我們平時(shí)熟悉但不能按照普通英語含義理解的詞匯。大家都知道它的含義是“放棄”，但在法律英語里它的常見含義卻變成了“棄權(quán)”和“委付”，即：在一般的 民事法律關(guān)系中，其可以被理解為“棄權(quán)”，在商事保險(xiǎn)法律關(guān)系中，其可以理解為“委付（保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物發(fā)生推定全損時(shí)，由被保險(xiǎn)人把保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物的所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給 保險(xiǎn)人，并向保險(xiǎn)人請求賠償全部保險(xiǎn)金）”。比如在法律文件中我們前文已經(jīng)提到的大量像therein（在其中）、thereinafter（在下文中）、 thereof（其）、thereto（附隨）、herewith（與此一道）、whereas（鑒于）、thence（從那里）、aforesaid (上述的)等詞匯中，由here/there/where等表示方位的副詞與in/after/in/of/with等介詞連在一起構(gòu)成的古舊英語。 具體到如何學(xué)習(xí)和記憶英文合同中的這些詞 匯和短語，筆者認(rèn)為通過對英文合同中的短語和句子的理解和記憶是讀者掌握戰(zhàn) 勝這只攔路虎的好方法。 （2）organized and existing 在表明法人身份時(shí)，可以使用此表達(dá)方法或者使用“incorporated and existing”。在一般場合下它是指與房屋相關(guān) 的基礎(chǔ)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或處所，比如“ancillary pmises(附屬房產(chǎn))”、“business pmises(營業(yè)場所)”。 （2）“execute”在英文合同中常解為“簽署”，而非“執(zhí)行”。 （2）有利于某人 “The balance of power between contracting parties usually tips in favor of the party who drafts the written contract.。 to sth “subject to sth”: (1)遵從、遵守 This letter of Credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits(1983 Revision),International Chamber of Commerce,Publication . 參考譯文：本信用證遵守國際商會(huì)第400號出版物，即《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一規(guī)則（1983年修訂版）》 (2)根據(jù)(法律、法規(guī)、合同等) Subject to this section,an appeal shall be brought in such manner and shall be subject to such conditions as are pscribed by rules made under subsection(5). 參考譯文：根據(jù)本條規(guī)定，上訴應(yīng)該根據(jù)（5）款訂立的規(guī)則內(nèi)規(guī)定的方式提出，并須受該規(guī)則所規(guī)定的條件 限制。 We must subject all the applications to careful scruting. 我方必須對所有的申請進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的審查。 Where a standard term is subject to two or more interptations, it shall be interpted against the party providing it. Where a discrepancy exists between the standard term and a nonstandard term, the nonstandard term pvails. 對格式條款有兩種以上解釋的，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出不利于提供格式條款一方的解釋。 （2）save(except) as otherwise provided 應(yīng)注意的是在此表達(dá)中的save 和except可以互換使用。 （2）“不妨礙……” The Party A shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without pjudice to the Party A’s right to claim pensations. 參考譯文：不妨礙甲方索賠權(quán)，甲方仍有權(quán)取消部分或全部合同。 “如果”的表達(dá)方式：以下四種方式均可以表達(dá)假設(shè)關(guān)系，但應(yīng)注意其假設(shè)的程度是呈逐一遞減的狀態(tài)的，即 使用should時(shí)可能性最小，其次為“in the event”，再次為“in case”，最后也是最常見的是“where”(即等于普通英語中的“if”)。 （2）in case In case of any discrepancy, the Chinese language text shall pvail. 參考譯文：如有差異，以中文文本為準(zhǔn)。 9. any person who does…shall… “any person who does…shall…”表示“任何做某事之人應(yīng)……”。 注釋與說明： 在英文合同和其他法律文件中的很多情況下，這個(gè)句型并非是指“為了XX目的”而是指“就XX法律問題而 言”。 注釋與說明： “but”一詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)常常使用本結(jié)構(gòu)及本結(jié)構(gòu)的變形 “…provided, however, that…”。 “notwithstanding”:即使，表示一種讓步。在較復(fù)雜的句子中讀者經(jīng)常會(huì)見到這兩個(gè)表達(dá)方法同時(shí)使用，閱讀的技巧在于全句的主干一定不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在“notwithstanding”和 “provided that”引導(dǎo)的讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折從句中。結(jié)果甲方在使用該產(chǎn)品時(shí)，因?yàn)槎》剑ǖ谌耍┻^錯(cuò)造成了戊方（可向被補(bǔ)償人主張權(quán)利的他人）的人身傷害。理解的關(guān)鍵就在于將后面的介詞 前置然后再加上“here/there/where”所指代的this/that/which，最后再根據(jù)上下文解析出實(shí)際含義。比如下面的這個(gè)例子： If a technological achievement acplished by an inpidual was an assignment from the legal person or other organization with which he formerly served and was chiefly acplished by utilizing the material and technological resources of the legal person or other organization with which he is currently serving, the rights and interests therein shall be determined in accordance with the agreement reached between the legal person or other organization with which the natural person formerly served and the one with which he is currently serving. If they fail to reach an agreement, the two parties shall share the technological achievement reasonably in proportion to their contributions to the acplishment thereof. 參考譯文： 個(gè)人完成的技術(shù)成果，屬于執(zhí)行原所在法人或者其他組織的工作任務(wù)，又主要利用了現(xiàn)在法人或者其他組織的 物質(zhì)技術(shù)條件的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照該自然人原所在和現(xiàn)所在法人或者其他組織達(dá)成的協(xié)議確認(rèn)其中權(quán)益。 “根據(jù)”的常見表達(dá)方式 (1)subject to (參見前文第5點(diǎn)) (2)in accordance with In case no settlement can be reached,the dispute shall be submitted for arbitration to China International Economic And Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisional Rules of Procedures promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission. 參考譯文：如未達(dá)成和解方案，則糾紛應(yīng)當(dāng)提交給中國國際貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)，根據(jù)該會(huì)頒布的仲裁程序暫行規(guī) 定進(jìn)行仲裁。s property. 參考譯文：與貨物相關(guān)的所有知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，包括但不限于公司名稱、商業(yè)名稱、商標(biāo)、服務(wù)標(biāo)記、商業(yè)外觀、專 利、設(shè)計(jì)、著作權(quán)，均屬于乙方財(cái)產(chǎn)，但是甲方提出的任何與特別規(guī)定相關(guān)的權(quán)利不屬于乙方財(cái)產(chǎn)。 (2)be entitled to do The Party A is entitled to inspect, or to have its agent inspect, the Goods at the [Party B39。可簡稱為“權(quán)利負(fù)擔(dān)”。 21. 合同英語中“因?yàn)椤钡谋磉_(dá)方法 （1）owing to （2）attributable to Should the Party A be unable to arrange insurance in time owing to the Party B’s failure to give the abovementioned advice of shipment by cable or telex,the Party B shall be held responsible for any and all damages and/or losses attributable to such failure. 參考譯文：如果甲方不能及時(shí)安排買保險(xiǎn)的原因是乙方未能以電報(bào)或電傳方式發(fā)出上述裝運(yùn)通知，則由此產(chǎn)生 的損失和損害賠償責(zé)任應(yīng)由乙方承擔(dān)。 (2)with respect to Party C or New Company shall retain all rights with respect to the specifications, plans, drawings and other documents and Party B undertakes not to disclose the same or pulge any information contained therein to any third party without the prior written consent of Party C or New Company. 參考譯文：丙方或新公司應(yīng)保留相關(guān)說明書、計(jì)劃書、圖紙和其他文件的所有權(quán)利且乙方應(yīng)承諾未經(jīng)丙方或新 公司事先書面同意不得披露上述文件或泄露上述文件所包含的任何信息給第三方。 “盡力做某事” (1)use all reasonable endeavors/efforts to do sth Except as contemplated by this Agreement,from the date hereof through the Closing Date,Mattel shall cause TLC Subsidiary to use mercially reasonable efforts to conduct its business in the ordinary course in all material respects. 參考譯文：除本協(xié)議另有規(guī)定外，從本協(xié)議日期到成交日，Mattel公司應(yīng)促使TLC子公司竭盡全力在 所有實(shí)質(zhì)方面按照通常程序進(jìn)行交易。 （2）達(dá)到 All those items amount to $90 000. 參考譯文：所有項(xiàng)目的總額達(dá)到90 000美元。 (2)differ from/be different from…in that Many countries differ from/are different from England in that they have a written constitution. 參考譯文：很多國家不同于英格蘭之處在于它們擁有成文憲法。 (2)council：委員會(huì) the United Nations Security Council (3)councilor：議員 The councilor in charge of the contract objected to the plan. (4)