生物工藝學緒論ppt課件-wenkub
2023-05-16 13:35:53 本頁面
【正文】 紀生命科學發(fā)展的熱點 基因組計劃 發(fā)育生物學 腦科學 生物技術(shù) 環(huán)境生物學 ? 生物技術(shù)作為 21世紀高新技術(shù)的核心，對人類面臨的食品、資源、健康、環(huán)境等重大問題發(fā)揮越來越大的作用。 ? 生物技術(shù)將是未來經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的新動力 第一次技術(shù)革命 工業(yè)革命 解放人的雙手 第二次技術(shù)革命 信息技術(shù) 擴展人的大腦 第三次技術(shù)革命 生物技術(shù) 改造生命本身 ? 生物技術(shù)需要 實驗室大量復雜的基礎(chǔ)研究工作 多學科交叉 ? 生物技術(shù)的顯著特點 高技術(shù) （精細和 密集的復雜技術(shù)） 高投入 （尤其是 前期科研投入高） 高利潤 利用生物技術(shù)的生產(chǎn)線 ? 生物技術(shù) 又稱 生物工藝學 ，最初是由一位匈牙利工程師 1917年提出的。 生物工藝學的定義和特點 ? 生物工藝學 (biotechnology)，一般稱為生物技術(shù) (以下將兩者視為同義詞可相互通用 )，是一門既有悠久歷史又有嶄新內(nèi)容的科學技術(shù)和生產(chǎn)工藝。這里所謂的生物作用劑可以是酶、整體細胞或多細胞生物體 ,一般也稱為生物催化劑。 ? 以上定義及其它各種有關(guān)定義的內(nèi)容基本上是一致的。 克隆羊 “ 多莉 ” 永遠的多莉 What Is Biotechnology? ? Biotechnology is a branch of science where living things are used for the creation of products or to perform some tasks for human beings. Plants, animals and even microanisms like bacteria are used to produce some benefit to mankind. In the medicine and agriculture field industry, biotechnology helps in producing foods, test for diseases and to remove waste. Biotechnology can also be used to solve problems and to help in research. Biotechnology is generally divided into three sub fields red, white and green biotechnology. Red biotechnology deals with geically altered microanisms that are used for producing products like insulin and vaccine for medical use. White biotechnology involves the creation of useful chemicals for the industrial sector through anisms like moulds or yeast. This form of biotechnology is also referred to as grey biotechnology. Green biotechnology, also known as agricultural biotechnology, deals with applications related to agriculture. It is through red biotechnology based research that antibiotics for different infections have been developed and vaccines for boosting the immune system against disease and to detect and treat any geic disorders and disease have been produced. Red biotechnology also helps in reproductive technologies like invitro fertilization, DNA profiling, forensics and in technologies of transplantations. It is with the help of white biotechnology that the environment is helped in the control of pest animals and plants. Biotechnology has helped in cleaning up oil spills, protecting endangered species by storing DNA samples to be used for future research and to help remove any excess nutrients there may be in the soil and water. Research in biotechnology also aims at leaching metals from the soil to provide for clean mining, in the detection of landmines and in the cleaning of arsenic and other metal contamination.
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