【正文】 。5. Simon points out that ________.A. the needs of individuals range from hunger to selfrealizationB. effective inducements must be based on what individuals wantC. economic factors are not the only inducement for working D. inducements must not be too variedPassage TwoAccording to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may bee recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in mon。 C. selfrealization B. satisfying their selfrealization needsC. satisfying hierarchy of their higherorder need D. first satisfying their lowerorder needs2. Lowerorder needs concern a person39。. . . . .2006級碩士研究生(B類)英語期末考試試題(適用于3053班)時間: 150分鐘Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to plete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. Passage OneMost conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements（引誘）which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for selfrealization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy（等級制度）whereby the lowerorder needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higherorder ones e into play.One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and selfrealization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as associations with others, selfrespect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.s _______.A. essential physical needsB. selfrespect D. working relationships with others rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the pletion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well beings of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit（阻礙） attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members。中國進一步發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、擴大開放，對各國企業(yè)就意味著更多的商機。Part IV. Writing 20%Directions: Write a position of about 200 words on the following title. Write your position on your Answer Sheet. Some people believe that money spent on space research benefits all of humanity. Others take the opposite view and say that money for this type of research is wasted. Tell which view you agree with and explain why. 2006級碩士研究生(B類)英語期末考試試題答案(適用于3053班)時間: 150分鐘Part I: Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points each)1. ( D ) 2. ( A ) 3. ( C ) 4. ( C ) 5. ( B )6. ( D ) 7. ( C ) 8. ( A ) 9. ( B ) 10. ( D )11. ( B ) 12. ( A ) 13. ( D ) 14. ( A ) 15. ( C )16. ( A ) 17. ( B ) 18. ( A ) 19. ( D ) 20. ( C )Part II: Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)(略)Part III: Translation from Chinese to English (20 points) Closer cooperation between enterprises is a major trend in enterprise development today. China will develop its economy further and open itself still wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have vigorously undertaken economic and technical cooperation with overseas enterprises and scored tremendous achievements. While helping Chinese enterprises develop, overseas enterprises have also benefited from the cooperation, hence mutual benefit and winwin. The Ch