【正文】 是文章中較為概括的部分。當(dāng)作者作比較的時候，一般是強調(diào)二者的相似之處。很多詞的詞義，放在某一類詞匯中間，讀者可以很容易憑借自己的生活經(jīng)驗或生活常 識來猜詞義。 Example 6 We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans－born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been mitted, and to which we are mitted today, at home and around the world. 2 版權(quán)所有，不得翻印 作者：湯良斌 （二）利用構(gòu)詞法知識猜測詞義 英語的構(gòu)詞方法很多，大致可以分為兩種，一種是詞綴辨認(rèn)，另一種是詞匯復(fù)合，下面我們逐一加以講解。 （1）前綴辨認(rèn)。 Example 7 The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all water life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent. （2）后綴辨認(rèn)。例如“l(fā)ess”附加在名詞的后面， 就可以將名詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾稳菰~。英語中有一種構(gòu)詞法即是把兩個有聯(lián)系的詞用連字符聯(lián)接，并附以適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z法形態(tài)，從而形成 一個表達新概念的詞匯。 .1 標(biāo)點符號 有些句子當(dāng)中，對于生詞的定義、解釋等常用標(biāo)點符號分開。 ②As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni tribes of North America were building with adobe－sun－baked brick plastered with mud.(CET4—) 句中破折號后的內(nèi)容是對 adobe 一詞的進一步解釋，可翻譯為“粘土磚” ，即“由太陽曬干的泥土磚” 。 例②中 that is 所引導(dǎo)的句子是對 perturbed 的解釋，從而可以猜出它和 disturbed 的詞義相近。 例④中第一句話里提供的信息不足，難以推斷 held back 的意思。例如： ⑤ After spending three weeks in the woods, Henry was tired of solitude. ⑥ They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. (CET496，6) 例⑤中的 after 既表達了時間的先后次序又暗示了原因，所以該句大致可理解為：在林中呆了三個星期后， 亨利厭倦了隱居的(或與世隔絕的)生活。例如： ⑨ Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea.” (, Passage One) ⑩ Nature provides some animals with an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slows down their expenditure of energy in winter when food is scarce. 例⑨中引號部分與 oceanography 構(gòu)成了釋義關(guān)系，可知 oceanography 是一門“將各門自然科學(xué)應(yīng)用于海洋研 究”的學(xué)問，即“海洋學(xué)” 。因此，這就需要考生運用所掌握的有關(guān)詞匯的知識，結(jié)合上下文的各種條件，對癥下藥，加以辨別?？埂；貓?去掉, 破壞 十個(倍)的 否定,相反。 counterattack(反擊) deform(使…變形), deice(除去…的冰) decathlete(十項全能運動員), decagon(十邊形) disregard(漠視), discard(扔棄), disburden(減輕…負擔(dān)) ecocide(生態(tài)滅絕), ecocatastrophe(生態(tài)災(zāi)變) enlist(征募), endanger (使…遭到危險) exwife(前妻)。 milliliter(毫升) mispronounce(發(fā)音錯誤,誤讀), mistreat(虐待) monosyllable(單音節(jié)), monolog(獨白) countermeasure( 對 策 )。部分 亞于,低于,在…之下 熱量,溫度,熱度 不, 非, 沒有 低于。 underdeveloped(欠發(fā)達的) 意義、作用 構(gòu)成動詞 構(gòu)成動詞 構(gòu)成動詞,表 具有…特性 構(gòu)成名詞 構(gòu)成名詞,表 …學(xué)科 構(gòu)成名詞,表 …者,…人,… 器,…機 構(gòu)成名詞,表 …者,…人 構(gòu)成名詞,表 …者,…人 構(gòu)成名詞,表 女性?；?動,動作等 構(gòu)成名詞,表狀態(tài) 構(gòu)成名詞,表狀態(tài),品質(zhì) 構(gòu)成名詞,表狀態(tài)、條件等 構(gòu)成名詞,表狀態(tài)、條件等 構(gòu)成名詞,表狀態(tài)、條件等 構(gòu)成名詞,表狀態(tài)、條件等 構(gòu)成名詞,表狀態(tài)、條件等 構(gòu)成名詞,表狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等 構(gòu)成名詞,表狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等 構(gòu)成名詞,表 …者,…人 構(gòu)成名詞或動名詞,表動作或事 物 構(gòu)成形容詞 構(gòu)成形容詞 構(gòu)成形容詞 舉例 strengthen(加強, 強化), widen(加寬) amplify(放大,擴大) humanize(使具有人性) length(長度), width(寬度) archaeology(考古學(xué)), futurology(未來學(xué)) burglar(夜賊),profiteer(奸商)panhandler(乞丐), actor(男演員) standee(站客), absentee(缺席者) physician(內(nèi)科醫(yī)生), edian(喜劇演員) swardess(女乘務(wù)員)。 breakage(破損) maidenhood(少女時期) efficiency(效率), constancy(恒久性) performance(表現(xiàn),表演), existence(存在) fertilization(施肥), humanization(人類化) locality(所在地), superiority(先進) enhancement(加強), noiselessness(無聲) wisdom(明智的行為)，boredom(單調(diào)) scholarship(獎學(xué)金), dictatorship(獨裁) anticipant(預(yù)期者,期盼者) , defendant(被告人) savings(積蓄)。 handful(一把,一小撮) listless(倦怠的), restless(不安寧的) highly(高度地)。 就四、六級考試而言，文章或段落的主旨通常以主題句（topic sentence）的形式出現(xiàn)。 在演繹類文章中，語篇主題句和段落主題句一般位于篇章或段落的開頭部分，開頭就明確主題，然后展開討論。 35．The passage is mainly about A） how to make a wise buying decision B） ways to protect the interests of the consumer C） the positive and negative aspects of advertising D） the function of advertisements in promoting sales. 【答案】C） 在歸納類文章中，主旨句多出現(xiàn)在段未或篇末，作為由具體事實引出的一般結(jié)論。 從全文來看，作者在前兩段的段首以主題句的形式分別描述了神童培養(yǎng)的兩個特征： ①Violin prodigies have e in distinct waves from distinct regions. ②Another element in the emergence of prodigies is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able to nurture talent. 作者想通過這兩個特征說明什么問題呢？考生在前兩段找不到相應(yīng)的概括性語句。由第二句的 But 可知，該 段主題句應(yīng)當(dāng)在 But 之后。它可能是文章的第一句話，也可能出現(xiàn)在文章的未尾。 lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of new Englanders. 下面這段文章的主題句既出現(xiàn)在文章的開始，也出現(xiàn)在文章的未尾: Jane and Karen have many things in mon. To begin with, both girls have the same background. Jane was born and raised in the West, and so was Karen. Next, both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects in school. Jane likes French, and English. In the same way, Karen likes Spanish, history, and English. Furthermore, both girls want to be teachers. Jane plans to bee an elementary school teacher. But Karen wants to be a high school teacher. As you can see, the two girls are almost like twins. 主旨推斷訓(xùn)練題 Example 1 The farmer’s success in coping with his multitudinous tasks aroused a pride of acplishment that made him scorn the specialist or expert. As a Jackofalltrades he was content to be master of none, choosing to do many things well enough rather than anything supremely well. Accordingly, versatility became another outstanding American attribute. In public affairs the mon man agreed with President Jack that any intelligent citizen could discharge the duties of any governmental office. He had an abiding suspicion of the theorist or the “ scholar in politics”, preferring to trust his own quick perceptions and to deal from day to day with matters as they arose. In his breadwinning pursuits the American flitted freely from job to job in marked contrast to the European custom of following occupations which often descended from father to son. This passage was written to explain . A. what Europea