【正文】 本文由200905178013貢獻(xiàn) doc文檔可能在WAP端瀏覽體驗(yàn)不佳。建議您優(yōu)先選擇TXT，或下載源文件到本機(jī)查看。 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)閱讀理解 應(yīng)試技巧指導(dǎo) 第一節(jié) 詞語(yǔ)推斷 詞匯在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)閱讀中占有很重要的地位。如果一位考生既不認(rèn)識(shí)句中的詞匯，又無(wú)法從上下文中獲 得足夠的信息來(lái)猜測(cè)出這個(gè)詞的意義，那就很難答對(duì)詞匯題。 在四、六級(jí)英語(yǔ)閱讀測(cè)試時(shí)，所出的有關(guān)詞匯題往往是比較有針對(duì)性的題目。這些詞考生不熟悉或詞義概念模 糊。對(duì)于這種題，考生完全可以根據(jù)上下文和學(xué)過(guò)的有關(guān)構(gòu)詞法的知識(shí)，通過(guò)推敲從而確定詞匯的意義。 詞語(yǔ)題的設(shè)問(wèn)表達(dá)方式通常是： 1．The word / phrase / expression most probably means 2．The word / phrase / expression refers to 3．The word / phrase / expression suggests that . . . 4．What does the author mean by the word / phrase / expression? 5．By the word / phrase / expression the author means . . 6．By the word / phrase / expression the author intends to render the idea that 請(qǐng)看實(shí)例： 請(qǐng)看實(shí)例： 【例文 1】 （CET－4 Passage Four 第三段） Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. 38．The word “scrutiny”（Line 3, ）most probably means“ A）inquiry B）observation C）control D）suspicion ”. 【分析】上文指出“Almost all of it （learning） is private” ，下文又指出“that process （learning） is not open to public scrutiny.”由此可見(jiàn)，public scrutiny 與 private 是相對(duì)的概念。如果將選項(xiàng)中的詞分別替換 scrutiny，可以判斷 只有 B）符合原文。 【例文 2】 （CET－4 Passage Four 第一段） …In fact, they say that if their panies are to pete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative … 36．The word “imperative” （Line 6, Para. 1）most probably refers to something A）superficial B）remarkable C）debatable D）essential . 【分析】在上文中沒(méi)有相關(guān)詞匯可以借助來(lái)推測(cè) imperative 的含義，但根據(jù)該句的邏輯關(guān)系“如果他們的公司 要參與全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的話，多樣化是 答案。 的” ，由此推斷，空白處應(yīng)譯為“必要的，必需的”等。因此 D)應(yīng)為正確 一、學(xué)會(huì)猜測(cè)詞義 猜測(cè)詞義的技巧可分為三大部分：根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義以及利用信號(hào)猜測(cè)詞義。 （一）根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義 1．根據(jù)文章中給出的定義、修飾性從句及定語(yǔ)直接猜得詞義。也就是說(shuō)，文章的作者本人也意識(shí)到文章中的 某些詞十分生僻或不常使用而故意在同位語(yǔ)、修飾性從句等中給出一定的揭示或進(jìn)行一些解釋。這些用來(lái)解釋或進(jìn) 1 版權(quán)所有，不得翻印 作者：湯良斌 行揭示的詞，意義與生僻詞基本相同，基本可以互換。也就是說(shuō)，通過(guò)閱讀解釋部分，生僻詞的意義便明晰了。 Example 1 Designer Taylor’s car has all the forts of an ordinary sports car: special seats and dashboard, body of special material, and efficient steering. But by removing a few bins and bolts form the strangelooking trailer, which is a transport vehicle hauled by a tractor or truck, and joining the sections to the car with the same pins and bolts, Taylor can change his sports car into a “ flying object ”. 2．根據(jù)上下文中的內(nèi)容猜測(cè)詞義?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)上下文所提供的信息進(jìn)行有機(jī)的聯(lián)想及推斷，進(jìn)而達(dá)到理解 生詞含義的目的。這種類型的題，上下文的解釋一般較為具體，而生詞則是文章中較為概括的部分。 Example 2 We often call this small change of conversation small talk, but this description seems to denigrate it unfairly. On special occasions, at parties for example, small talk is usually necessary before deeper human relationships and more serious conversation－if these are desired. They may not always be desired, however, one may invite a business friend and his wife to dinner without wishing to make them close friends for life. And in this case, we need a form of language which is not too intimate and does not make us too intimate to others. 3．利用文章中所羅列出的例子猜詞義。這種方法一般也是根據(jù)較具體的詞匯、詞組，通過(guò)歸納、猜測(cè)從而理 解較抽象的詞匯或詞組。 Example 3 Much of the required paper work results from the close scrutiny by a wide range of government agencies over such matters as tax collection, consumer protection, food and drugs, environmental controls, equal labor opportunities, etc. Many such protections have, in fact, been added as a result of the pressures and influence of concerned citizens. 4．利用比喻猜測(cè)詞義。當(dāng)作者作比較的時(shí)候，一般是強(qiáng)調(diào)二者的相似之處。比喻則更是如此。因此，兩個(gè)相 比較的東西只要認(rèn)出其中之一，便可大致猜出另一物的實(shí)質(zhì)，從而明了全句的含義。 Example 4 She sat there for the moment, quiet and silent, suddenly, the meek lamb burst in bad temper, as ferocious as a lion. 5．利用常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義。很多詞的詞義，放在某一類詞匯中間，讀者可以很容易憑借自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)或生活常 識(shí)來(lái)猜詞義。 Example 5 “Have you two seats for tonight’s performance?” “I am sorry, all the seats are booked. There are a hundred unreserved seats. They are sold half an hour before the curtain goes up.” 6．利用對(duì)比的詞猜測(cè)詞義。表示對(duì)比的詞語(yǔ)，在意義上相互聯(lián)系，從而使讀者通過(guò)對(duì)比得出詞義這一方法成 為可能。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)比的詞語(yǔ)是一對(duì)反義詞或近乎于反義詞，而且詞性也一致。 Example 6 We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans－born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been mitted, and to which we are mitted today, at home and around the world. 2 版權(quán)所有，不得翻印 作者：湯良斌 （二）利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義 英語(yǔ)的構(gòu)詞方法很多，大致可以分為兩種，一種是詞綴辨認(rèn)，另一種是詞匯復(fù)合，下面我們逐一加以講解。 1．詞綴辨認(rèn)。詞綴分前綴、后綴及中綴。中綴不大常見(jiàn)，因此我們的討論將圍繞前綴和后綴進(jìn)行。 （1）前綴辨認(rèn)。前綴是附加在單詞前面的語(yǔ)法部件，它本身有發(fā)音，有意義，但不能單獨(dú)成為一個(gè)詞匯。它 的功能主要是給原來(lái)的詞匯增加一層含義。因此，如果考生掌握了一定數(shù)量的前綴，就可以通過(guò)辨認(rèn)前綴，通過(guò)復(fù) 合詞綴和詞匯的意義來(lái)猜測(cè)出詞的意義。 Example 7 The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all water life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent. （2）后綴辨認(rèn)。后綴是附加在單詞后面的一種語(yǔ)法部件。它本身也有發(fā)音，有意義，但也不能單獨(dú)成為一個(gè) 詞匯。和前綴不同，后綴不僅給詞匯增加了一層含義，而且也通常改變?cè)~匯的詞性。例如“l(fā)ess”附加在名詞的后面， 就可以將名詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾稳菰~。因此，加后綴的詞的詞性也要引起考生的注意。當(dāng)然，掌握了后綴的意義并掌握了詞 匯的意義，也同樣能猜出全詞的意義。 Example 8 Impressionism is a form of art which began in the 1870s. When you look closely at an impressionist painting, you see little dots of different colored paints. When you move away from the picture, the dots of colors blends and the painting looks like it has light playing on the people and objects in the picture. 2．分解詞匯。英語(yǔ)中有一種構(gòu)詞法即是把兩個(gè)有聯(lián)系的詞用連字符聯(lián)接，并附以適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法形態(tài)，從而形成 一個(gè)表達(dá)新概念的詞匯。因此，通過(guò)結(jié)合上下文并分解詞匯，可以將一些難詞辨認(rèn)出來(lái)。 Example 9 Then barbedwire loomed up in the grey night. The hands of the minedetectors began to move, and the in