【正文】 irsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a parison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this parison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.3) Analogy: (類比）It is also a form of parison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses parison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several mon qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (擬人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(賦予) to inanimate(無生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸張） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陳述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(無冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to die as pass away.8) Metonymy (轉喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there39。（仿擬） （夸張） （低調陳述） （擬人） 圣誕節(jié)那天，故事主人公小男孩經(jīng)歷了從痛苦的邊緣到幸福的頂峰的過程。顯然，文章的題目由此模仿而來，給人印象深刻。)imposing意指因為外貌、形體而使人印象深刻，作者在此以諷刺挖苦的口吻來描述一個貪吃而肥胖的女人。)老太太八十歲壽辰那天，急切地盼望女兒回家看望她，稍稍安慰她那顆孤寂的心，然而盼來的卻是女兒的一張冷冰冰的支票，這當然不是老人心愛的禮物?！　　馭he gave me the impression ofshavingsmore teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.(她給我的印象是：她有一口潔白整齊的大牙，為數(shù)之多已超過任何實際需要。用于描寫可以使形象更生動突出，渲染氣氛，烘托意境，給讀者留下深刻、鮮明的印象。)“掙扎”是有生命的物體的動作，作者給自然的花草賦予了生命，使它人格化?！　　馎gainst the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. (面對“地球卵形說”者，我能打的第一張牌是，太陽和月亮的相似性。例如：　　●What will parents do without the electronic babysitter? (如果沒有這位電子保姆，父母該怎么辦呢？) 　　●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我們中的很多人太容易給別人批評的冷風，而不愿意給自己的同伴贊揚的陽光。例如：●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.(他往后一跳，好像被什么東西叮了一下似的，他那張布滿皺紋的臉頓時漲得通紅。)　　●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上，像一只斷了翅膀的小鳥。)　　轉喻(Metonymy)　　轉喻(metonymy)是通過相近的聯(lián)想，借喻體代替本體。)文中作者用具體第一張牌來借代抽象的“第一個論據(jù)”，更加生動形象，淺顯易懂，也使語言新鮮活潑，富有表現(xiàn)力?！　　馚ut the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly.(可是那些房子冷漠無情，門窗緊閉，一點也不友好。例如：　　●Vingo sat stunned, looking at the oak tree. It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs—20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds.(文戈坐在那兒望著橡樹驚呆了。)在這里作者通過夸張的描述，使一個貪婪好吃的女性形象躍然紙上。故此處her lovely present是典型的irony，是句反話?！　》聰M(Parody)　　根據(jù)家喻戶曉的成語或諺語，臨時更換其中的某個部分，造成新的成語或諺語；或者根據(jù)古今名言警句，在保持其原句不變的情況下，更換其中部分詞語，這種修辭方式叫仿擬?！　　馤ady hermits who are down but not out(窮困而不潦倒的女隱士們)文中的down but not out源于down and out,原是拳擊比賽的術語，后來喻指窮困潦倒的人。因此，父母精心安排的圣誕節(jié)既是最糟的，又是最好的。 （對照） （雋語） （突降） （頭韻） （反語）s bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.10) Antonomasia (換喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (雙關語） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here arms has two meanings: a person39。 to lose one39。s thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(賦予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (頓呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (轉類形容詞） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修飾) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.25) Alliteration: (頭韻） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(間隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called front rhyme. For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (擬聲） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement. ]字號選擇〖 大 中 小 〗/ 雙擊滾屏 單擊停止即使是在Internet上，我們每日也能欣賞到五光十色、美不勝收的英語修辭。）再如：Alloys belong to a halfway house between mixture and pounds.（合金是介于混合物和化合物的中間物質。）英語的修辭可以分為消極修辭和積極修辭兩大類。如在Elizabeth Razzi寫的題為10 Ways to Lose Pounds 的文章中，“減肥”的表達竟有8種，文筆活潑，文采燦然：1. Try to shed a few extra pounds? 2. Studies show these efforts may shave off the pounds quickly. 3. Here are ten simple strategies that can help melt away your fat forever. 4. …like a logical way to peel off a few pounds. 5. …roughly the amount needed to burn off one pound. 6. You must eat less to lose weight. 7. A key obstacle to dropping extra pounds is afterdinner snacking. 8. 10 Ways to Lose Pounds. 以上8句中的斜體字讓我們欣賞了英語詞匯的活力與風采。它是用途很廣的大詞。）再如：If the term sounds unscientific to 20thcentury ears, let us remember there is a definite connection between marshy lands and malaria… （如果