【正文】 valve. However, certain highperformance engines use four valves per cylinder, two intake valves and two exhaust valves.2)三、一般了解1．活塞、連桿、曲軸基本結(jié)構(gòu)和材料。 The crankshaft usually drives the camshaft from its front end and is usually machined to acmodate a keyway to retain a Woodruff key (halfmoon shaped) and a gear or sprocket is located on this keyway which is employed to drive the camshaft.二、一般掌握 The piston must be strong. But it must be light to reduce inertia loads on the bearings. For this reason, pistons for modern engines are made of aluminum alloy. This is a light metal.2)三、一般了解1．氣缸體、氣缸蓋基本結(jié)構(gòu)和材料2. 回答課文后問題第7課 Attached to the cylinder head are such ponents as valve mechanisms, spark plugs or injectors, exhaust and inlet manifolds, temperature sensors, heater hose connectors, top radiator hose connector, and a rocker or camshaft cover.二、一般掌握 The cylinder block is the foundation of the engine—all other parts are attached to it. Its most important function is to provide a strong, unmovable mounting for engine ponents such as the crankshaft and cylinders and so on.2)具體要求如下：第6課 Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head Compression ignition engines are efficient, last longer and are cheaper to maintain than petrol engines but are sometimes expensive, noisier and slower to accelerate.4)本課對柴油機(jī)進(jìn)行了介紹，主要包括柴油機(jī)的工作原理、柴油機(jī)的供油系統(tǒng)。本課介紹了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的基本術(shù)語、四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)以及工作原理。 1．課文后的詞匯2．閱讀課文，基本理解。本課主要介紹了汽車的發(fā)展史。本課程的任務(wù)是結(jié)合汽車專業(yè)的實(shí)際需求，較系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)外語知識。《汽車實(shí)用英語》教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)要求同學(xué)們以教材為主，形成性考核作業(yè)冊為輔，結(jié)合實(shí)訓(xùn)、錄像教材、直播課堂、網(wǎng)上資源等，全面、系統(tǒng)、多層次地學(xué)習(xí)文字教材。具體要求如下：一、重點(diǎn)掌握1 詞匯：automobile, vehicle, auto, motor vehicle, MPV, engine, internal bustion engine, fuel, gasoline, petrol, diesel, wheel, crankshaft, piston, cylinder, stroke, fourstroke engine, motorcycle, carburetor, assembly line, transportation, spark plug, front, rear, body2 句子：1）The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile.2）An internal bustion engine is any engine that uses the explosive bustion of fuel to push a piston within a cylinder the piston39。 二、一般掌握三、一般了解1．汽車發(fā)展史；2．回答課文后問題。 本課介紹了汽車的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、各個(gè)主要部件的工作原理，以及汽車對社會的影響。 一、重點(diǎn)掌握1． 1．課文后的詞匯2．閱讀課文，基本理解。具體要求如下：一、重點(diǎn)掌握：Cycle, Top Dead Center(TDC), Bottom Dead Center(BDC), filter, air filter, oil filter, fuel filter, pump, water pump, fuel pump, oil pump, oil, injection, nozzle, electronic, electrical, intake, exhaust, valve, press, lubricate, cooling system, water jacket, coolant, antifreeze, volume, bustion chamber, airfuel mixture, swept volume, total capacity, multicylinder engine, clearance volume, pression ratio, emission control system, fuel tank, oil pan2． 1．課文后的詞匯2．閱讀課文，基本理解。具體要求如下：一、重點(diǎn)掌握：Spray, inject, selfignition, transmit, accelerate, coach, lorry, tank, lowpressure pipe, fuel filter, fuel lift pump, fuel injection pump, highpressure pipe, fuel injector, fuel leakoff pipe, liter, filler neck, inline pump, distributor Pump Assembly (DPA), camshaft ：1) The diesel engines are pression ignition engines. The diesel engine uses the heat of pression to ignite the fuel.2) One major difference between a diesel engine and a petrol engine is that the diesel engine has a very high pression ratio.3) 1．課文后的詞匯2．閱讀課文，基本理解。 Various modern casting techniques are used to lighten the cylinder block. It is the heaviest part of the engine, and the more it can be safely lightened, the lighter the car. This means better fuel economy.3) Piston, Connecting Rod, Crankshaft The piston rings maintain a sliding seal between the cylinder wall and the piston. The piston cannot be fitted tightly enough to form a good seal by itself. There must be some clearance so that the piston can slide without sticking.3)2. 回答課文后問題第8課 Valve Mechanism of an Engine The valve trains are divided into side camshaft type and overhead camshaft (OHC) type, seen in , according to the location of the camshaft.3)2. 回答課文后問題一、重點(diǎn)掌握：lubrication system, oil pan, oil pump, main oil gallery, oil filter, oil pressure relief valve, oil cooler, oil sensor, reservoir, gravity, positive displacement pump, geartype pump, eccentricrotortype pump, fullflow filter, bypass filter, dashboard, lifter2. 回答課文后問題具體要求如下：第11課 Engine Ignition System：1）The ignition system is designed to produce an electrical highvoltage spark (approximately 20000~50000 volts) at each spark plug within the bustion chamber at a precise moment of time and in the correct cylinder order.2）The conventional ignition system () consists of the battery, the ignition switch, the ignition coil, the distributor, the capacitor (condenser), the spark plug and wiring.3）The ignition circuit can conveniently be divided into two parts. One part is known as the primary windings (lowtension circuit) and the other part is the secondary windings (hightension circuit).4）The spark plug must form a good seal inside the cylinder head to avoid leakage of the high gas pressures during bustion and must be capable of operating consistently without the hightension current shortingout. 5）In the engine, timing advanced and timing retarded also happen. 1．課文后的詞匯2．閱讀課文，基本理解。第12課 Engine Starting System：1）The starting system is a type of electrical circuit that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.2）The typical starting system includes the battery, the starting motor and the solenoid switch, the starter switch (ignition switch), and the cables which connect these ponents.3）The battery sends current to the starting motor when the driver turns the ignition switch to START.4）The battery is a very important and necessary part of a vehicle. The function of the vehicle’s battery is to supply electrical energy to many systems and ponents within the vehicle.5）二、一般掌握三