【正文】 c support, expert guidance and constant encouragement during the past two academic years, especially in the course of my preparation for this paper.My acknowledgement also goes to all the other devoted professors and the staff of Shanghai Maritime University, who have spared no effort to enrich my knowledge. Without them this paper would not have turned out as it is. Foreign Languages Collage of SMU really offers excellent environment for academic study and research.I am also grateful to my classmates and friends for their sisterly care and cordial help.My ineffable gratitude also goes to my beloved parents, whose great affection and support always urge me on. Their love will encourage me to move forward.Last but not the least, I want to thank all the authors whose books or articles have been found for my reference in writing this paper.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）原創(chuàng)性聲明和使用授權(quán)說明原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重承諾：所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文），是我個(gè)人在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的成果。作者簽名：　　 　 　　 日　 期：　　 　 　　 學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重聲明：所呈交的論文是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所取得的研究成果。作者簽名： 日期： 年 月 日學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。這種方法在理論指導(dǎo)方面有所欠缺，僅注重了對具體的字、詞、句的翻譯，這樣的話合同比較難的實(shí)現(xiàn)漢譯文本功能。第二章概述了合同文本的特點(diǎn)，介紹了合同的定義和分類，揭示了英文國際商務(wù)合同的一般特征及功用，目的在于提高譯者對國際商務(wù)英語合同具體內(nèi)容的認(rèn)識，為翻譯實(shí)踐做好準(zhǔn)備。②句子類型一以陳述句和條件句為主，無疑問、祈使語氣。而中文商務(wù)合同以動詞為主。從具體的翻譯實(shí)踐，并以國際商務(wù)英語合同的語言特征的參照，分析論證了在德國功能主義理論的理論指導(dǎo)下，應(yīng)該給予譯者在合同翻譯行為中一定的決策自由；論證了譯文質(zhì)量的高低的翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一不僅僅是譯文的忠實(shí)性，更重要的是靈活運(yùn)用各種翻譯策略達(dá)到功能上的對等。關(guān)鍵詞：功能主義；翻譯策略；翻譯行為；合同語言； ABSTRACTIn view of the unsatisfactory translation of international business contracts nowadays, this paper breaks away from the traditional study method of contract translation which merely focuses on the linguistic features of contracts, and adopts the framework of German functionalism in the research on business contract translation. By adopting the topdown approach first advocated by Christian Nord as the dominant principle, the author intends to find out translation strategies which are able to realize the translation skopos and text functions of contracts at macro level. Then, under the guidance of functionalism, the author makes study of contract translation methods in the bottomup process in dealing with the linguistic features of contract at the micro level to make the translation version precise and accurate. The paper is posed of five chapters. Chapter one is to introduce the present situation of the EC international business contract translation, analyzing the causes of the unsatisfactory contract translation and emphasizing the necessity of the current research.Chapter two introduces the definitions and classification of contract and reveals general features and the functions of the international business English contracts. The author points out that the first step is a full understanding of a contract when do contract translation.Chapter three makes a detailed parison between English and Chinese business contracts as to similarities and differences at three levels. Similarities: 1 ) at the lexical level: frequent use of archaic words, formal or legal words and unique terminologies。 2) at the grammatical level: English business contracts prefer nouns, prepositions and articles, while fewer prepositions in Chinese versions. In addition, English business contracts prefer nominal groups and postmodifiers while in Chinese business contracts verb phrases and premodifiers are more frequently used.Chapter Four is the literature review of the development of functionalism, the representative scholars of functionalism and their contributions to the translation theory. The author further analyzes the theoretical feasibility of applying functionalism to the EC international business contract translation.Chapter Five is the study on the strategies for the EC international business contract translation under the guideline of functionalism. If we want to realize the municative skopos of the TT , the starting point is to select strategies according to functionalism, different translation strategies should be adopted to treat different factors. If the retained structure of the English contract is inpatible with that of the target language and unacceptable to the target text receivers, we should adopt flexible translation methods such as shift, conversion, omission, amplification, etc. As for translation of the modal verb “shall”, omission, bination or formula translation methods are chosen depending on its meaning in different situations. For archaism translation, formula translation is the most applicable strategy. For lengthy sentences division and bination is usually preferred. Omission or amplification is adopted respectively after classifying two kinds of parallel usage of synonyms.Chapter Six is the conclusion of the thesis. The author points out the limitation of the present study and tries to provide some constructive suggestions for the future study in this field. Key words: functionalism。 vContentsAcknowledgements i摘 要 iiABSTRACT ivChapter One: Introduction 1Chapter Two: Overview of International Business Contracts 3 Definition of Contract 3 Classification of Contract 4 General Features of Contract’s 4 Functions of Contract 5Chapter Three: A Comparison between English and Chinese Contracts 7 Lexical Comparison 7 Frequent Employment of Archaic Words 8 Careful Choice of Legal Words 8 Special Terminologies 9 Preference for the Parallel Synonyms in English Contracts 9 Syntactic Comparison 10 Word Forms 10 Phrase Type 12 Sentence Type 14 Characteristic Sentence Type 14 Distinctive Sentence Structures 14 Textual Comparison 14Chapter Four: The Functionalist Translation Theory 16 The Development of Functionalism 16 Katharina Reiss’ Translation—Oriented Text Typology 16 Justa HolzManttfiri: Translational Action 17 Hans ’s Skopos Theory 18 Christiane Nord: Function plus Loyalty 19 Key Concepts