【正文】 method used to treat asthenia and weakness by means of supplementing essence, blood and body fluid with the prescriptions and herbs effective for tonifying and reinforcing the body. 補(bǔ)法是運(yùn)用滋養(yǎng)強(qiáng)壯作用的方藥，以補(bǔ)充精、血、津液等物質(zhì)，消除虛弱證候的一種療法。16．Heatclearing therapy is clinically divided into four types: clearing away heat to reduce fire, clearing away heat to remove toxin, clearing away heat at ying phase to cool blood, and nourishing yin to clear away heat.臨床上清法分為四類(lèi)：清熱瀉火、清熱解毒、清營(yíng)涼血、養(yǎng)陰清熱。12．Warming therapy, also known as coldeliminating therapy, is a therapeutic method used to eliminate pathogenic cold and invigorate yangqi with the prescriptions and herbs warm and hot in nature. 溫法，也叫祛寒法，是運(yùn)用性質(zhì)溫?zé)岬姆剿?，以祛除寒邪和補(bǔ)益陽(yáng)氣的一種治療方法。10．This therapy is used to treat a variety of syndromes, such as shaoyang syndrome marked by alternative chills and fever in the semiexterior and semiinterior phase。4．the method of nourishing yin to induce sweating 滋陰發(fā)汗5．the therapy of supporting yang to induce sweating 助陽(yáng)發(fā)汗6．Emesis is a therapeutic method used to direct pathogenic factors or toxic materials to be vomited out through the mouth. 吐法是引導(dǎo)病邪或有毒物質(zhì)，使之從口涌吐而出的一種治療方法。15．No overdose of toxic herbs should be given as this may lead to side effects. 使用有毒的藥物時(shí)不要多量，以免帶來(lái)副作用。 10．Herbs that descend and sink move downward and inward, conduct qi downward, promote urination and defecation, subdue yang and calm the mind. 具有降沉作用的藥物有行氣、通便、潛陽(yáng)和安神的功效11．In addition, processing and preparation may change the taste and property of the herb and influence its functional tendencies. 另外，炮制有可能改變藥物的性味和影響藥物的作用趨向。 etc. 藥物或者為寒、微寒和大寒；或者為苦、微苦和苦甚。5．Also, some herbs are characterized as astringent. 還有一些藥物具有收澀的作用。6．酒劑：Vinum 7．茶劑：Medicinal Tea8．藥露：Syrup 9．錠劑：Lozenge, Pastille, Troche10．糖漿劑：Syrup11．片劑：Tablet12．沖服劑：Granule 13．針劑：Injection14．栓劑：Suppository15．膠囊劑：Capsule（二）中藥藥性的翻譯1．Among these materials, flowers, herbs and trees are the ones most frequently used, that is why Chinese materia medica is called Chinese medicinal herbs.在這些藥物中，大多數(shù)是、草和樹(shù)木，所以中藥又稱(chēng)為中草藥。8．以顏色命名的方劑譯式為：顏色+劑型名，如“桃花湯”可譯為Peach Blossom Decoction，“紫雪丹”可譯為PurpleSnow Bolus。４．以借喻法命名的方劑譯式為：借喻物＋劑型名，如“碧玉散”可譯為Jasper Powder，“玉女煎”可譯為Jade Maiden Decoction。有關(guān)中藥名稱(chēng)的翻譯問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)第二十課的有關(guān)內(nèi)容。如“麻黃湯”可譯為Mahuang Decoction，“桂枝湯”可譯為Guizhi Decoction。也有的將劑型也予以音譯。就直譯和意譯而言，方劑名稱(chēng)的翻譯可以有如下一些方式：１．以方中君藥命名的方劑譯式為：主藥名＋劑型名，如“麻黃湯”可譯為Herba Ephedrae Decoction或Ephedra Decoction。５．以功效命名的方劑譯式為：功效＋劑型名，如“溫脾湯”可譯為SpleenWarming Decoction或Decoction for Warming the Spleen。9．以加減方式命名的方劑譯式為：君藥+劑型名+plus（加）或minus（減）+加上或減去的藥物名稱(chēng)，如“桂枝加（減）芍藥湯”可譯為Ramulus Cinnamoni （或Cinnamon Twig）Decoction Plus Radix Paeoniae（或Peony）。2．The Chinese medicinal herbs are characterized by four properties (cold, heat, warm and cool) and five tastes (sour, bitter, sweet, acrid or pungentspicy and salty). 中草藥具有寒、熱、溫、涼四種不同的藥性（即四氣）和酸、苦、甘、辛、咸五種不同的味道（即五味）。6．Herbs that have a dispersing function are pungentspicy. 辛味之藥具有宣散作用。8．The functional tendencies of herbs are marked by ascending, descending, floating and sinking. 藥物的作用趨勢(shì)為升降沉浮。12．A herb may selectively act upon a particular part of the body to relieve pathogenic change in specific meridians and organs. 一個(gè)藥物可以有選擇性地作用于人體的某一特定部位以消除某一經(jīng)絡(luò)或器官的病變。（三）中醫(yī)治則的翻譯方法1．Diaphoresis, also known as exteriorrelieving method, is a therapeutic method used to open the muscular interstices and relieve exterior syndrome with the herbs for relieving the exterior and inducing sweating. 汗法，也叫解表法，是運(yùn)用解表發(fā)汗的方藥，開(kāi)泄肌腠，解除表證的一種治療方法。7．Emetic therapy is usually used to treat sthenia syndrome with urgency to vomit out things retained inside. 吐法常用以治療病情急迫而必須迅速吐出積滯的實(shí)證。 irregular menstruation due to disharmony between the liver and stomach and stagnation of liver qi。13．Clinically warming therapy is divided into three types: warming the middle to eliminate cold, resolving phlegm and retention of fluid by warming and restoring yang to rescue collapse.臨床上溫法分為三類(lèi)：溫中祛寒、溫化痰飲、回陽(yáng)救逆。17．Resolution is a therapeutic method used to remove the retention of food and eliminate stagnation with herbs effective for promoting digestion. 消法是運(yùn)用助消化、導(dǎo)食滯的方藥，以消積導(dǎo)滯的一種治療方法。21．Clinically invigorating therapy is divided into four types: invigorating qi, tonifying blood, invigorating yin, invigorating yang.臨床上補(bǔ)法分為五類(lèi)：補(bǔ)氣、補(bǔ)血、補(bǔ)陰、補(bǔ)陽(yáng)。4．In this case the healthy qi is difficult to launch an intense struggle against pathogenic factors and eventually leads to an asthenia syndrome. 在這種情況下，正氣難以有力抗擊邪氣，引起虛證。9．“exuberance of pathogenic factors leads to sthenia”“邪氣盛則實(shí)”10．That is why it is said in Su Wen that “predominance of yang causes external heat”. 所以《素問(wèn)》說(shuō)：“陽(yáng)盛則外熱”。14．The usual symptoms caused by relative decline of yin are feverish sensation over the five centers (palms, soles and chest), bonesteaming, tidal fever, flushed cheeks, emaciation, night sweating, dry mouth and throat and reddish tongue with scanty coating as well as thin, rapid and weak pulse.陰偏衰的常見(jiàn)癥狀為五心煩熱、骨蒸、潮熱、面赤、消瘦、盜汗、口干咽燥、舌紅少苔、脈細(xì)數(shù)無(wú)力等。18．The latter refers to a morbid state marked by asthenia of both yin and yang resulting from asthenia of yang that affects the production of yinfluid. 后者指陽(yáng)氣虛累及陰液的化生，從而形成以陽(yáng)虛為主的陰陽(yáng)兩虛病理狀態(tài)。22．Loss of yin or yang refers to a critical morbid state due to sudden and excessive loss of yinfluid or yangqi. 陰陽(yáng)亡失指機(jī)體的陰液或陽(yáng)氣的突然大量亡失，導(dǎo)致生命垂危的一種病理狀態(tài)。狹義的痰指的是由喉嚨咯出的痰。痰既是失調(diào)的結(jié)果, 有時(shí)失調(diào)的原因。6. Deficiency of kidney yang may lead to a dysfunction in the transformation of water, causing water to flood upward, and resulting in the formation of phlegm. 腎陽(yáng)虛可導(dǎo)致水濕運(yùn)化失常,從而引起水液上泛, 形成痰液。(六)八綱相關(guān)翻譯1．The manifestations of diseases, though plicated, can be generalized into certain patterns in the light of the eight principles. 疾病的表現(xiàn)盡管極其復(fù)雜，但基本上都可以用八綱加以歸納。4． lying with the knees drawn up蜷臥5．The differentiation of syndromes according to the exterior and interior syndromes is applicable to exogenous diseases for the purpose of detecting the depth of transmission and the development of pathological changes. 表里辨證