【正文】 ne,many a (an) 修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，請(qǐng)看下表規(guī) 則例 詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, goosegeese, mousemice 2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, passes, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police, cattle, staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, mittee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊(duì)), times(時(shí)代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報(bào)紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7表示“某國(guó)人”加sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以man或woman結(jié)尾的改為men,womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sonsinlaw, lookerson, passersby, storytellers, boy friends無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grownups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers, men servantsIII. 主謂一致規(guī)則情 況舉 例語(yǔ)法一致原則以單數(shù)名詞或代詞動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 /7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前He is the taller of the two children.8用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The pass was invented in China.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代in the 1990’s(二十世紀(jì)九十年代)11用于表示度量單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞He patted me on the shoulder.III. 不用冠詞（又名零冠詞）的用法1專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5表示球類，棋類等運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the。 the 2用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于演奏樂(lè)器play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”（對(duì)比上文的不定冠詞用法5）—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village. A. the。t______ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷鋒）6用于固定詞組中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前success(抽象名詞)→ a success (具體化) 成功的人或事a failure 失敗的人或事 a shame 帶來(lái)恥辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遺憾的事 a must 必需必備的事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知識(shí)II. 定冠詞的用法1表示某一類人或物In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.A. a。 高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法圖表總結(jié) 一、冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。 the B. /。 the B. the。 the ；the C. the。His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some, any no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式； 如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的學(xué)生）由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。Thirty minutes is enough for the work..Twenty pounds is too dear.如強(qiáng)調(diào)這類詞的復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英語(yǔ)是書名、地名、格言、劇名、報(bào)紙名國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。The paper works was built in 。Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right.Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?there be 句型中be 動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。此外it還可以作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)和用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中。 it D. it。規(guī)則：限定語(yǔ)（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（?。? shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時(shí)間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國(guó)籍、來(lái)源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加er和est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。（意為：我度過(guò)了最為令人煩惱的一天。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.注意：1. 可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal；2. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒(méi)有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。have(has)。②如果賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間She gave them 。注意：①當(dāng)它跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能把介詞放在賓語(yǔ)后面。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來(lái)，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。I’ll go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there., there開頭的句子里，go, e等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)did,( 連系動(dòng)詞was/were)表達(dá)特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。The sun is rising in the 。 —Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the readingroom.—She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.（即瞬間動(dòng)詞），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, e, arrive, die, marry, finish, plete, begin, start, break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it., expect, think, intend, want, suppose等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had