【正文】 hallenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a puter may simply malfunction (失誤 ). Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a puter if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal puters and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong. Questioning and routine doublechecks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in preputer days. Maybe each puter should e with the warning: for all the help this puter may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills. 1. What is the main purpose of this passage? A) To look back to the early days of puters. B) To explain what technical problems may occur with puters. C) To discourage unnecessary investment in puters. D) To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards puters. 2. According to the passage, the initial concern about puters was that they might . A) change our personal lives B) take control of the world C) create unforeseen problems D) affect our businesses 3. The passage remends those dealing with puters to ______ . A) be reasonably doubtful about them B) check all their answers C) substitute them for basic thinking D) use them for business purposes only 4. The passage suggests that the presentday problem with regard to puters is _______ . A) challenging B) psychological C) dramatic D) fundamental 5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would disapprove of ______ . A) investment in puters B) the use of one39。s attitude towards artificial languages can be best described as . A) optimistic B) sarcastic C) negative D) positive Passage 4 In 1838 the polical economist Malthous predicted that in time mankind would face starvation, having outgrown the available food supplies. Today, a century and a half later, there are still experts who forecast the same global disaster—unless urgent measures are taken to prevent it. By the end of the present century there may well be over five thousand million people living on this globe, an increase of over fifty percent of today39。dead39。 dialects and the language would thus defeat its own purpose. Another serious objection is the fact that a language is shaped by use and not by design. It is a living thing which is forever growing and changing. It takes hundreds of years before it can acquire richness and depth. In an artificial language, however, the meanings of words are rigidly defined. Inflexibility makes for an absence of subtlety, so that no really fine meaning can be conveyed. Though this quality might be admirable for scientific publications, it greatly impedes the formation of any significant literature. Latin was ideal in this respect, for it was a 39。s needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods. Psychologists often use a method called behavior therapy (療法 ) to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money. 1. According to the psychologists, a pulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money . A) and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys B) in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life C) just to meet his or her strong psychological need D) entirely with an irrational eagerness 2. According to the writer, pulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices . A) because they want to save money to help their budgets B) because they can openly boast of their triumph over others in getting things for less C) and will not have money problems if they can keep to their budgets D) but they seldom admit they feel satisfied if they can get things for less than others 3. Which of the following is true? A) All people spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to buy things. B) Businesspeople and advertisers can use the psychology of money to increase sales. C) Businesspeople understand the psychology of pulsive buying better than scientists do. D) pulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money. 4. The article is mainly about . A) the psychology of moneyspending habits B) the purchasing habits of pulsive spenders C) a special psychology of bargain hunting D) the use of the psychology of spending habits in business 5. From the passage we may safely conclude that pulsive spenders or pulsive bargain hunters . A) are really unreasonable B) need special treatment C) are really beyond remedies D) can never get any help to solve their problems with money Passage 3 There is no doubt that a mon language used throughout the world would do much to bring countries closer to each other. Though it is being increasingly easy to move from place to place, our inability to municate with one another gives rise to numerous misunderstandings and makes real contact between people of differing nationalities impossible. Many attempts have been made to overe this problem and they have all failed. The fear of foreign influence and domination rules out the universal acceptance of any one of the existing major languages. Aware of this difficulty, many linguists have constructed artificial languages which could have no possible political overtones. They have argued that a language of this sort would perform much the same service as Latin did in the Middle Ages. Although linguists succeeded in making their artificial languages extremely simple so that they would be easy to learn, their efforts seemed doomed