奶牛營(yíng)養(yǎng)與代謝病ppt課件-wenkub
2023-01-20 09:45:32 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ast up to 6 weeks) * Increased rumen acidity 產(chǎn)犢時(shí)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題 干物質(zhì)進(jìn)食量下降 子宮蛋白沉積在最后 60天翻番 子宮的氨基酸的獲取量占了總營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)池的 70% 初乳 (含免疫球蛋白 ,含硫氨基酸豐富 )和高的產(chǎn)奶量排除了動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的必需氨基酸 組氨酸和蛋氨酸是乳蛋白合成的第一限制性氨基酸 過(guò)度期低血鈣降低了鈣池中的鈣 (可能會(huì)持續(xù) 6周 ) 增加了瘤胃的酸度 FEED INTAKE CHANGES PRIOR TO CALVING 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0Van Saun et al., (1993) Days Prior to Calving DM Intake (Kg/d) 產(chǎn)前的采食量變化 產(chǎn)犢前日齡 干物質(zhì)進(jìn)食量(公斤?日) ROLE OF CALCIUM IN BOVINE HOOF EPIDERMAL INTEGRITY SYNTHESIS OF INCREASED SULPHUR AMINO ACID RICH PROTEINS MANY SULPHYDRAL GROUPS BORDER OF CORNIFICATION PROCESS CHANGE FROM SULPHYDRAL GROUPS TO DISULPHIDE BONDS CORNIFICATION * Sulphur amino acids important for formation of cellular envelope (Marginal Bond) * Acts as protective sheath on inner side of cell membrane of keratinizing epidermal cells CALCIUM IMPORTANT * Activator of epidermal transglutaminase (Cross Links) * Induction of terminal differentation of keratinocytes 鈣在牛蹄部表皮完整性中的作用 含硫氨基酸豐富的蛋白質(zhì)的合成 許多含硫基團(tuán) 角質(zhì)化過(guò)程的邊界 由含硫基團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槎蜴I 角質(zhì)化 含硫氨基酸對(duì)細(xì)胞的形成發(fā)展非常重要 (邊緣鍵 ) 在角質(zhì)化表皮細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞膜的內(nèi)側(cè)起到保護(hù)套的作用 鈣的重要性 表皮谷氨酰胺轉(zhuǎn)氨酶激活劑 (交聯(lián)鍵 ) 誘導(dǎo)角質(zhì)化細(xì)胞的最終分化 7 5 3 2 1 0 1 2 3A n i on i cC ati on i cBlood Calcium Concentration (mg/100ml) Lower Level of normal (Hove 1986) PERIPARTURIENT CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN PLASMA FROM COWS FED AN IONIC OR CATIONIC DIET PRIOR TO CALVING Day 0 was day of calving (Goff et al. 1991) 奶牛產(chǎn)前飼喂陰離子或陽(yáng)離子日糧在臨產(chǎn)前后血漿鈣的濃度 正常的低水平 血液鈣的濃度(毫克/100毫升 0日為產(chǎn)犢日 陰離子 陽(yáng)離子 EFFECT OF FORAGE : CONCENTRATE RATIO ON RUMEN BIOTIN SYNTHESIS IN VITRO 0. 00. 20. 40. 60. 81. 01. 21. 41. 6Biotin mcg/day83/ 17 67/ 33 50/ 50 33/ 67 17/ 83F or age : C on c e n t r at e(Da Costa Gomez, 1998) 精飼料和粗飼料比例體外試驗(yàn)對(duì)瘤胃生物素合成的影響 粗飼料 :精飼料 生物素 微克/日 02468101214F e e d Milk U r i n e F ae c e sSteinberg et al. 1994 mcg/d Biotin Balance in lactating dairy cows 泌乳奶牛的生物素平衡 飼料 牛奶 尿 糞 微克/日 Incidence of Hoof Abnormalities: Control vs. Biotin after 12 months at Final Hoof Trimming 5028435331245224*01020304050s ol eh e m or r h age sd ou b l e s ol e r i d ge s h e e l h or ne r os i onaffected cows (%)c on tr ol b i oti n 20 m g*p (Bergsten et al., 1999) 蹄部奇型發(fā)病率 :12個(gè)月后最后一次修時(shí)蹄對(duì)照比生物素 占發(fā)病奶牛(%) 蹄底出血 雙重蹄底 脊 (棱線 ) 蹄跟角質(zhì)糜爛 對(duì)照 生物素 20毫克 WASHINGTON STATE BIOTIN FIELD STUDY ? 150 cows, high producing herd ? puter feeder system allowed control and treatment groups: 0 or 20 mg/day biotin ?
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