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7 J Hypertens. 1998。28:139–142 Circulation. 1997。 The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University ? 研究證實(shí), OSAHS 患者 , 無論是否有高血壓,睡眠時血壓杓型變化的規(guī)律性減弱或消失 ,出現(xiàn)不同程度的 血壓升高或 夜間高血壓 。 ? CKD患者血壓非杓型比率高達(dá) 70%80%。 The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University 正常 血壓 (17) 杓型 高血壓 (34) 非杓型 高血壓 (18) 超杓型 高血壓 (17) 反杓型 高血壓 (10) The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University ? 與血壓正常者比 , 高血壓患者肌肉交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)異常興奮 , 反杓型者為甚 ,提示交感神經(jīng)在夜間高血壓發(fā)生發(fā)展中起重 要作用。38(4):8527. The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University 發(fā)生機(jī)制 Hypertension Research (2020) 35, 695–701。 First study demonstrating that a diminished nocturnal decline in blood pressure is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University ? 一項(xiàng)愛爾蘭研究顯示: 夜間 SBP每增加 10 mmHg, 心血管死亡率增加 21%; 夜間 DBP增加 5mmHg, 心血管死亡率增加 9%。 The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University 夜間高血壓危害 相比夜間血壓正常者 , 夜間血壓增高或下降遲緩病人伴發(fā) 心、腦、腎等靶器官損害 (左室肥厚、心衰、腦卒中、微量蛋白尿等) 以及 心血管死亡 風(fēng)險明顯增加 。20:2183–2189 Am J Cardiol. 1995。53。 流行病學(xué) Can J Cardiol 2020。The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University 哈醫(yī)大第一臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院 心內(nèi)科 李 悅 The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University ? BP follows a circadian rhythm (Dipping), with 10–20% lower values during sleep than during wakefulness. 靶器官灌注需要最低血壓 正常血壓晝夜節(jié)律 The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University ? Nocturnal dip 10% of daytime pressure – Nondipping (非杓型) significant increase – Reverse dipping (反杓型) 20% of daytime pressure – Extreme dipping (超杓型) The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University ? 夜間平均血壓 ≥ 120/ 70 mmHg (ABPM)。25(9):e312e316 Friedman等對 白天 血壓正常組 (未服用降壓藥 ,白天血壓 135/85mmHg) 可控制高血壓組 (服用 ≤3種降壓藥 ,白天血壓 135/85mmHg) 和 難控制高血壓組 (服用 ≥3種達(dá)最大劑量降壓藥 , 白天血壓 135/85mmHg) 人群 夜間血壓模式 進(jìn)行研究。466472 Hypertension ? 西班牙 500個初級保健中心 42947 例 高血壓患者,未治療 8384 例,已接受治療 34563 例, ABPM顯示 , 41%未治療 患者及 52%治療 患者呈非杓型曲線。 75:1239–1243 Am J Hypertens. 2020。 Expert Rev. Cardiovas . Th r. 7(6), 607–618 (2020) The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University DM患者中反杓型高血壓患者較其他血壓類型患者心血管不良事件 增加 。 JAMA. 2020 Jun 28。 The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University 發(fā)生機(jī)制 The timing and amplitude of BP rhythm is affected by ? Intrinsic factors, such as neurohormonal regulation (., sympathetic nervous system and RAAS system) . ? Extrinsic factors, such as sodium load, sleep quality physical activity, and behavioral and lifestyle factors (smoking and alcohol intake) . ? Demographic factors, such as age and race. Am. J. Hypertens. 6(6 Pt 2), S166–S169 (1993). Am. J. Hypertens. 6(6 Pt 2), S170–S173 (1993). The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University 2020。 The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University ? 研究發(fā)現(xiàn):主動脈瓣膜病變患者夜間血壓下降程度與腎素、醛固酮活性呈 負(fù)相關(guān) , 提示腎素、醛固酮活性增加是 引起夜間高血壓的主要原因之一 。 The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University ? 23% of patients (188 T1D) with clinical normotension had masked nocturnal hypertension. ? Hypertensives with diabetic nephropathy have significantly higher nighttime SBP pared with patients with nondiabetic glomeru