【正文】 In the presence of 新加坡的通用合同分五部分： 第一部分：稱為 parties，主要介紹合同各方的姓名或名稱，注冊地國及地址、郵編及各自在合同的簡稱。而英語合同一般以下面這類句式為開頭： This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ____ day of _____(month), _______ (year) by and between Party A (hereinafter called Party A )and Party B(hereinafter called Party B ) 然后是開始陳述： WHEREAS...THEREFORE ? It is hereby agreed as follows: 或以： WITNESSETH, WHEREAS? NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows: 接著是正文，最后是證明部分，： IN WITNESS WHEREOF， the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written. 隨后還包括當(dāng)事人和見證人的簽字?？梢哉f具備合同成立要求的具有強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行力的協(xié)議才是合同。 Curzon 編著的 “A Diction of Law” 提到 “Contract generally involves” 1. offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance (要約和絕對接受 ) 2. consensus ad idem (意思表示一致，也叫 meeting of minds) 3. intention to create legal relations (建立合同關(guān)系的意愿 ) 4. genuineness of consent (同意的真實(shí)性 ) 5. contractual capacity of the parties (合同當(dāng)事人的締約能力 ) 6. legality of object(標(biāo)的物的合法性 ) 7. possibility of performance (履行的可 能性 ) 8. certainty of terms(條款的確定性 ) 9. valuable consideration(等價(jià)有償 ) Black “Law Dictionary” 中解釋道： Although often used as synonyms with contract, agreement is a broader term, . an agreement might lack an essential element of a contact. 即 “ 協(xié)議 ” 和 “ 合同 ” 經(jīng)常用作同 義詞，但 “ 協(xié)議 ” 這一術(shù)語含義更廣，例如協(xié)議可能缺乏合同的必備條款（ essential clauses/provisions）。一個(gè)是： “A concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performance” 根據(jù)這一 定義，協(xié)議即雙方或多方京某些過去或?qū)砟承┦聦?shí)的相關(guān)權(quán)利、義務(wù)或相關(guān)權(quán)利、義務(wù)的履行而達(dá)成的一致理解和愿望。 Curzon 在其編撰的字典 “A Dictionary of Law” 給 contract 的定義：“Contract is a legally binding agreement” 根據(jù)這一定義，合同就是有法律約束力的協(xié)議。 Secretary 文書打字兼秘書 Computer Data Input Operator 計(jì)算機(jī)資料輸入員 Computer Engineer 計(jì)算機(jī)工程師 Computer Processing Operator 計(jì)算機(jī)處 理操作員 Computer System Manager 計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)部經(jīng)理 Copywriter 廣告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager 副總經(jīng)理 Economic Research Assistant 經(jīng)濟(jì)研究助理 Electrical Engineer 電氣工程師 Engineering Technician 工程技術(shù)員 Export Sales Manager 外銷部經(jīng)理 Export Sales Staff 外銷部職員 Financial Controller 財(cái)務(wù)主任 Financial Reporter 財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告人 . (Foreign Exchange)Clerk 外匯部職員 . Settlement Clerk 外匯部核算員 Fund Manager 財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)理 General Auditor 審計(jì)長 General Manager/ President 總經(jīng)理 General Manager Assistant 總經(jīng)理助理 General Manager39。s Secretary 總經(jīng)理秘書 Hardware Engineer 計(jì)算機(jī)硬件工程師 Import Liaison Staff 進(jìn)口聯(lián)絡(luò)員 Import Manager 進(jìn)口部經(jīng)理 Insurance Actuary 保險(xiǎn)公司理賠員 International Sales Staff 國際銷售員 Interpreter 口語翻譯 Legal Adviser 法律顧問 Maintenance Engineer 維修工程師 Management Consultant 管理顧問 Manager 經(jīng)理 Manager for Public Relations 公關(guān)部經(jīng)理 Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程師 Manufacturing Worker 生產(chǎn)員工 Market Analyst 市場分析員 Market Development Manager 市場開發(fā)部經(jīng)理 Marketing Manager 市場銷售部經(jīng)理 Marketing Staff 市場銷售員 Marketing Assistant 銷售助理 Marketing Executive 銷售主管 Marketing Representative 銷售代表 Marketing Representative Manager 市場調(diào)研部經(jīng)理 Mechanical Engineer 機(jī)械工程師 Mining Engineer 采礦工程師 Naval Architect 造船工程師 英語合同的特點(diǎn) 英語合同的特點(diǎn) (1) Contract 與 Agreement 的有無區(qū)別 在英語中，合同一般稱為 Contract，協(xié)議一般稱為 Agreement。 綜合起來，有一個(gè)相同點(diǎn)，就是 “Contract is an agreement” ，即可將事同說成是 “An agreement which binds the parties concerned” 或者說成是 “An agreement which is enforceable by law” ，也可以說： Contracts are promises that the law will enforce。 另一個(gè)是： The consent of two or more persons concurring respecting the transmission of some property, right or benefits, with the view of contacting an obligation, a mutual ，協(xié)議即兩個(gè)或多個(gè)當(dāng)事人，為 了約定單方責(zé)任或相互責(zé)任，就財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利、利益的轉(zhuǎn)移取得的一致同意。 實(shí)際使用當(dāng)中，協(xié)議可不受必備條款的限制，而稱為合同的文體肯定少不了必備條款，有的合同將其單列，稱為一般條款（ General provisions）。 結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 合同類法律文件用以規(guī)定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利與義務(wù)，是預(yù)防與解決爭議的依據(jù)。簽字日期一般在英文合同最搬弄是非是找不到的。開頭框架一般為： THIS AGREEMENT is made the __________ day of _____ （ month） ,____ (year) between A _______ (hereinafter called The Company) of the part and B______, (hereinafter called The Manager) of the other part. 句子開頭 THIS AGREEMENT 或 CONTRACT 和當(dāng)事人的姓名和名稱，都應(yīng)大寫。 第三部分：稱為 habendum 具體約定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。不是所有合同都有這一項(xiàng)。另一不同的是合同訂立日期沒有放在合同最后，而是出現(xiàn)在開頭段的當(dāng)事人介紹部分。個(gè)別用詞與前一合同有差別。 and WHEREAS, (PARTY A is willing to dispatch its personnel t PARTY B in response to such PARTY B39。在草擬英文合同時(shí)，只要仿用上述任何一個(gè)，都算是地道的英文表達(dá)。 Export Corporation. 張先生代表 中國 絲綢進(jìn)出口總公司在合同上簽了字。 Are we anywhere near a contract yet? 我們可以（接近于）簽合同了嗎？ We sign a contract when we are acting as principals.(principals refers to the seller and the buyer) 當(dāng)我們作為貨主時(shí)都要簽訂合同。 We are here to discuss a new contract with you. 我們來這里和您談?wù)動(dòng)喴环菪潞贤膯栴}。 A few problems with supply under the old contract must be quickly resolved. 老合同中的一些供貨問題必須盡快解決。 These are two originals of the contract we prepared. 這是我們準(zhǔn)備好的兩份 合同正本。F Copenhagen. 這是一份 250噸花生的合同，價(jià)格為每公噸哥本哈根成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià) 1800元。 What are the main clauses in the contract? 合同中的主要條款有哪些？ There is an arbitration clause in the contract. (or insurance clause, inspection clause, shipping clause...) 這是合同中的一項(xiàng)仲裁條款。m sure that shipment will be effected according to the contract stipulation. 我保證我們能 按合同規(guī)定如期裝船。 When the goods aren39。 We have to hold you to the contract. 我們不 得不要求你們按合同辦事。s clearly a breach of contract. 這顯然是違反了合同。 In case one party fails to carry out the contract, the other party is entitled to cancel the contract. 如果一方不執(zhí)行合同，另一方有權(quán)撤消該合同。 Words and Phrases to bring a contract into effect 使合同生效 to e into effect 生效 to go (enter)into force 生效 to cease to be in effect/force 失效 to carry out a contract 執(zhí)行合同 to execute/impleme