【正文】 C. to be given D. being given Answer 15 A C D C D 610 B A A B C 1115 A C C B D 1620 C C B A B 2125 A C A D C A. 動名詞 一．動名詞的基本形式 主動形式 被動形式 一般時 doing being done 完成時 having done having been done 可以充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語和定語。 常見的一些不定式短語可以作謂語，如： be able to do（能，會） , be about to do（即將做 …… ） , be glad to do（樂意做 …… ） , would like to do（想要做 …… ） , be likely to do（很可能做 …… ） , go all out to do something全力以赴 , be supposed to do 應(yīng)該 used to do（過去常常 …… ）。如： kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty 等。 若不定式后面是 be， have，則 be， have 要保 留 : you a film star?No, but I used to be. you finished your homework, Tom? Sorry, I haven’t You ought to have. g. for somebody to do 和 of somebody to do 的用法區(qū)別： “It is +形容詞 +for somebody+不定式 ”： 句 中的形容詞通常強調(diào)不定式的行為屬性，如： important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。 含有動詞如 ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow, forbid 等 +不定式做賓語補語或主語補語時： Don’t do anything unless your father tells you to. 除非你父親叫你去做，不然不要做任何事情。 f. 動詞不定式的 替代詞 ： 上文中出現(xiàn)了某一動詞或動詞短語，下文中再遇到此動詞的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)時，往往要省略動詞不定式，但通常省略動詞原形或短語而保留不定式符號 to，一般有下面幾種情況 ： 含有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞如 be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be about to, 等 +動詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)時： Do you think I ought to go to see my doctor? 你認為我應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生嗎？ 8 Yes, I think you ought to. 是的，我想你應(yīng)該去。如： I really don’t know what to say and do. 我真的不知道該說什么，該干什么。 What else do you like to do besides swim? （ 5） 如 but 之前沒有 do，其后的不定式則一般要加 to。 One’s world outlook cannot but e through in what one says and does. 一個人的世界觀必然在他的言行中表現(xiàn)出來。 （ 2） 在 why 引起的一些疑問句中，疑問詞直接跟動詞原形或 not + 動詞原形。 注意：后兩句中的不定式與句子的主語或賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系，此時如果不定式動詞是不及物動詞，則需要帶上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 4).另外， hard, difficult, easy, fit， fortable 等詞也可以接動詞不定式。 如： he died, only leaving nothing but debts. 3).不定式作原因狀語，通常用來修飾表示情感、心理狀態(tài)、性格等的形容詞。 He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考試結(jié)果。 He said he was clever enough to deal with it by 。 He got up very early this morning so as not to be late for school again. 今天早上他起身很早以免上學(xué)再遲到。如： There is nothing to worry about. 沒什么可擔(dān)心的。如： person, man, thing, something, anything, nothing, time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity 等。 （ 3） 序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被 only, last, next 等詞修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語。 My wish to be a teacher is quite understandable. 我想成為一個教師的愿望是可以理解的。如： More than 20 people were reported to have been killed in the ，有 20 多個人死于事故。 含有此類復(fù)合賓語的句子變成被動語態(tài)時，不定式同樣被稱之為主語補足語。如： I’ll get him to try it again. 我將讓他再試一次。 They make the baby go to bed at 7:00 . every 7： 00 上床睡覺。 動詞 help后面接不定式作賓語或賓語補足語可以帶 to 也可以不帶 to。 It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that. 聽到他那樣跟他媽媽說話我們很生氣。 It was very difficult _____ me to learn Spanish. A. of B. to C. with D. for D It is necessary _____ the papers immediately. A. for you to hand in B. that you hand out C. your hand in D. for your hand in A 動詞不定式的完成式 表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在句子謂語所表示的動作之前。 動詞不定式由 不定式符號 to 加動詞原形構(gòu)成。has C).主語從句的虛擬語氣 It is important/necessary/strange+that+主 +(should) do. Eg. It is necessary that we (should) master a foreign language to find a good job. D).狀語從句的虛擬語氣 a).方式從句 與現(xiàn)在 /將來事實相反 謂語動詞 bewere/ 動詞 過去式 與過去事實相反 謂語動詞 過去完成式 。s pale face suggested that she ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination. 。 Only if you study hard, you will pass the test. 只要你努力學(xué)習(xí) ,就會通過考試。 如 :If only she would win!但愿她能贏 ! 二、 If only 有時也可引導(dǎo)陳述語氣的真實條件句 ,意思為 只要?? 。 如 :1) If only you had worked with greater care! 你當(dāng)時干活時要是再認真些就好了 ! (but you didn39。 =How fine it would be if only I had the book (but I haven39。要是……就好了 。 此句可改寫為： If they had not been so busy,we would haveinvited them to the dance. But that he is in hospital,He would go abroad for hissummer vacation. 要不是生病住院，他就出國度暑假了。這 種句子只保留一個 if(only)條 件從句，表達說話人的強烈愿望。這種用法主要用于書面語，如： ： If I were you (=Were I you) , I would go with him. ： If I had had time then (=Had I had time then), I would have gone with you. ： If I were to visit/should visit/visited the Great Wall tomorrow, (=Were I to /Should I visit the Great Wall tomorrow), I would take my son with me. 注意：在否定句中 not 不可提至主語前，如： （誤） Weren’ t I here now, I would be in the bus. （正） Were I not here now, I would be in the bus. b).without 可以代替條件從句 ，我們就不能生存。 1 虛擬語氣 與事實相反，要用虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。 We would not live without water or air. c) 混合虛擬條件句 如果條件從句的動作和主句的動作不是同時發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示 的 時間加以調(diào)整。如： If(only)she were my sister！她是我的妹妹就好了！ e) 用 but 或 but for 引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句（ but 后跟從句， but for 后跟短語 : 假如沒有 , 要不是） 2 But for your help,our experiment wouldn’ t have been sosuccessful. 假如沒有你們的幫助，我們的實驗是不 會如此成功的。 該句可改寫為： If he wereint in hospital,he would go abroadfor his summer vacatiom. f) If only ...這 是 一 種 特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu) 一、 If only...用于感嘆句中 ,是一個保留條件句 ,省略了主句的形式。常用于虛擬語氣的謂語動詞形式。t the book). 2)If only I were younger! 要是我年輕點兒就好了 ! =How fine it would be if only I were younger! (but I am not younger) 3)If only my mother were here now! 要 是我母親現(xiàn)在在這兒就好了。t work with greater care) 2) If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train! 要是我們及時趕到 ,就不 會誤車了。 If only it clears up, we39。 B).賓語從句的虛擬語氣 a).wish+賓語從句 與現(xiàn)在 /將來事實相反 謂語動詞 bewere/ 動詞 過去式 與過去事實相反 過去完成式 eg. I wish I were a bird flying freely in the sky. I wish you passed the entrance exam. I wish you hadn’t been absent yesterday. b).表示請求，命令，建議的動詞后 (一堅持 (insist),二命令