【正文】 wn pai nti ngs. so they coul d decorate thei r superb pal aces and great houses. They pai d famous arti sts to pai nt pi ctures of them sel ves, thei r houses and posessi ons as wel l as thei r activi ti es and achi evem ents. O ne of the m ost im portant di scoveri es during thi s peri od was how to draw thi ngs i n perspecti ve. This techni que was first used by Masacci o i n 1428. When peopl e fi rst saw hi s pai nti ngs, they were convi nced that they were l ooking through a hol e i n a wal l at a real scene. If the rul es of perspective had not been di scovered, on one woul d have been abl e to pai nt such real i sti c pi ctures. By coi nci dence, oi l pai nts were al so devel oped at thi s ti me, whi ch made the col ors used i n pai nti ngs l ook ri cher and deper. Wi thout the new pai nts and the new techni que, we woul d not be abl e to see the m any great m asterpi eces for which thi s peri od i s famous. Im presi oni sm (l ate 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a m ostl y agri cul tural soci ety to a m ostl y i ndustri al one. Many peopl e m oved from the countrysi de to the new ci ties. There were m any new i nventi ons and soci al changes. N atural y, these changes al so l ed to new pai nti ng styl es. Am ong the pai nters who broke away from the tradi ti onal style of pai nti ng were the Im presi oni sts, who l i ved and worked i n Pari s. The Im pressi oni sts were the fi rst pai nters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how l i ght and shadow fel l on objects at di fferent tim es of day. H owever, because natural li ght changes so qui ckl y, the Im pressi onists had to pai nt qui ckl y. Thei r pai nti ngs were not as detail ed as those of earli er pai nters. At fi rst, m any peopl e di sl i ked thi s styl e of pai nti ng and became very angry about i t. They sai d that the painters were carel ess and their pai nti ngs were ri di cul ous. Modern Art (20th century to today) At the tim e they were created, the Im pressioni st pai nti ngs were controversi al, but today they are accepted as the beginni ng of what we cal “m odern art”. Thi s i s because the Im pressi oni sts encouraged arti sts to l ok at thei r envi ronm ent i n new ways. There are scores of m odern art styl es, but wi thout the Im pressi oni sts, m any of these pai nti ng styl es mi ght not exi st. O n the one hand, som e m odern art i s abstract。Young Li fesaver Schem e at hi s hi gh school. When congratul ati ng John, Mr Al an Southerton, Di rector of the Young Li fesaver Schem e sai d, “There i s no doubt that John’s qui ck thi nki ng and the fi rst ai d skil ls he l earned at school saved Ms Sl ade’s l ife. It shows that a knowl edge of fi rst ai d can m ake a real di fference.” Before recei vi ng thei r awards l ast ni ght, John and the ni ne other Li fe Savers attended a speci al recepti on yesterday hosted by the Prim e Mini ster. 選修六 Unit 1 A SHO RT H ISTO RY O F WESTERN PAIN TIN G Art i s i nfl uenced by the custom s and faith of a peopl e. Styles i n Western art have changed m any ti m es. As there are so m any di ferent styl es of Western art, i t woul d be im posi bl e to descri be al l of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text wil descri be onl y the m ost im portant ones, starti ng from the si xth century AD. The Mi ddl e Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) Duri ng the Mi dl e Ages, the mai n aim of pai nters was to represent rel i gi ous them es. A conventi onal arti st of thi s peri od was not i nterested i n showi ng nature and peopl e as they real y were. A typi cal pi cture at thi s tim e was ful of rel igi ous sym bol s, which created a feeli ng of respect and l ove for God. But it was evi dent that i deas were changi ng i n the 13th century when pai nters li ke Gi oto di Bondone began to pai nt rel i gi ous scenes i n a m ore real i sti c way. The Renai ssance (15th to 16th century) Duri ng the Renai ssance, new i deas and val ues gradual l y repl aced those hel d in the Mi ddl e Ages. People began to concentrate l ess on reli gious them es and adopt a more hum ani sti c atti tude to li fe. At the sam e ti m e pai nters returned to cl assi cal Roman and Greek i deas about art. They tri ed to pai nt peopl e and nature as they real y were. Ri ch peopl e wanted to possess thei r own pai nti ngs. so they coul d decorate thei r superb pal aces and great houses. They pai d fam ous arti sts to paint pi ctures of them sel ves, their houses and possessi ons as wel as thei r acti viti es and achi evem ents. O ne of the m ost i m portant di scoveri es duri ng thi s peri od was how to draw thi ngs i n perspecti ve. Thi s technique was fi rst used by Masacci o in 1428. When peopl e fi rst saw hi s painti ngs, they were convi nced that they were l ooki ng through a hol e in a wal at a real scene. If the rules of perspecti ve had not been di scovered, on one woul d have ben abl e to pai nt such reali stic pi ctures. By coi nci dence, oil pai nts were also devel oped at thi s tim e, which m ade the col ors used i n pai nti ngs look ri cher and deeper. Without the new pai nts and the new techni que, we woul d not be able to see the m any great m asterpi eces for whi ch thi s peri od i s fam ous. Im pressi oni sm (late 19th to earl y 20th century) In the l ate 19th century, Europe changed a great deal , from a m ostl y agri cultural soci ety to a m ostly i ndustri al one. Many peopl e m oved from the countrysi de to the new ci ti es. There were many new inventi ons and soci al changes. N atural l y, these changes al so l ed to new pai nti ng styles. Am ong the pai nters who broke away from the tradi ti onal style of pai nting were the Im presi oni sts, who l i ved and worked i n Pari s. The Im pressi onists were the fi rst pai nters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how li ght and shadow fel l on objects at di fferent tim es of day. However, because