【正文】 n problems and a high potential conflict。武漢工業(yè)學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文參考文獻(xiàn)譯文本 2020 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 譯文出處： 萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目： 建設(shè)項(xiàng)目乙 施工 組織設(shè)計(jì) 院 （系） 土木工程與建筑學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 名 稱 工 程 管 理 學(xué) 生 姓 名 魏 磊 學(xué) 生 學(xué) 號(hào) 070602225 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 劉 菁 菁 2020 年 6 月 9 日 1 CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT This work tries to define and present the characteristics and of project management and construction projects. One can find arguments for the need to use project management in the construction industry and the main management procedures making the essence of construction project management. Key words: project, management, construction, invest 1. Project Management definition, characteristics Project management is a specialized branch of management appeared in 1950 for coordination and control of plex modern industry. Its emergence and development are mainly related to the initiation and conduct of the NASA space programs, to the petition between nations for supremacy in the military field, to the pressure of the clients who wanted their projects to be pleted as soon as possible so that they could recover faster their investment. In the construction industry, project management began to be used only in the latter 2030 years, but development in this field has been very pronounced whereas corresponds very well to the needs of this industry. Although it appeared in the ., project management was quickly apprehended in Europe. The first attempts to standardize practices in the field date from 1979 and belong to an institute in the UK The Chartered Institute of Building. It has now bee, along with other organizations such as Project Management Institute, an organization that certifies both project managers and training programs in the field throughout the world. Also at European level, there have been developed quality procedures for project management, procedures included in ISO standards. Project management includes progressive and logical decisionmaking processes, an appropriate organization, financial management and effective marketing, a special attention in preparing documents and administrative tasks and application of methods and techniques of traditional management adapted accordingly. Construction Projects management” consists of planning, organizing, coordinating and monitoring of the project, from the beginning to the end, with the aim of achieving customer requirements on producing a viable project, financially and functionally, in pliance with quality standards, costs and implementation deadlines agreed upon. Project management involves setting of benchmarks according to which there shall be established guidelines to be followed, observing the progress in achieving the correct execution of tasks and projects, according to the differences observed between the actual and the planned benchmarks. In order to realize a construction project there must be involved 2 various entities: beneficiary, investor, funding bodies, builder, draftsman, consultants, suppliers of materials and equipment, etc.., which requires focus on coordinating and adjusting all the necessary inputs. Thus, the project manager must work predominantly with people from other organizations than the one he belongs to. In such circumstances, his authority is conferred by contract terms and is less direct than that of a regular manager. Project management is conducted, in most cases, by staff belonging to different organizations, closely cooperating to achieve different objectives, often contradictory, of the parties involved. Responsibility for the project management lies, as mentioned, to different organizations, depending on customer’s preferences and petences and on the nature of the contractual terms between parties. Whether project management is exercised by the client, the designer, the builder or by a specialized independent organization, relevant managerial procedures are largely the same. In order to have an unitary point of view, management methods presented in this work will be approached from the general contractor’s perspective. 2. Construction Project The main subject in the construction projects management is the construction project. The construction project is an entity with limited time of action, designed for achievement, rehabilitation or demolition of a building objective, executing variable and nonstandard works in a given period, with a certain budget and in pliance with the agreed quality specifications. A construction project has the following characteristics: ? it requires the construction of a selforganizational work: the project team。 ? its result is a building objective (consisting of one or more construction objects)。 ? it describes all the peculiarities of the construction process and production. Realizing a construction project means going through several phases 3 that make up the life cycle of the project. In the specialized literature there are various approaches of this matter. Thus, within the methodology . for the development of feasibility studies, the life cycle of the project includes the following phases: I. Preinvestment phases: ? Identification studies of investment’s needs and opportunities ? Previous feasibility studies ? Feasibility studies ? Evaluation and decision studies II. Investment ? Negotiation and contracting ? Design ? Building ? Putting in service III. Operational An other reputable specialist Ronald Mc Caffer (1995) presents the life cycle of the project using the following scheme: PHASE ACTIVITY ACTIVITIES SUCCESSION Initiation Product identification Definition of the need Preliminary Feasibility studies， Decision t