【正文】 料建造的結(jié)構(gòu)的 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計復(fù)雜得多也更具挑戰(zhàn)性。 5 Development Tendency and Instructions of Civil Engineering With the progress in science and technology and engineering development of the practice of the disciplines of Civil Engineering has developed into a broad connotation, many categories, and the structure of plex integrated system. For example, on civil engineering projects built with the use of facilities in terms of functionality, and some interest for residential purposes； Some production activities。 some as a means of energy transmission and so on. This requires the integrated use of a variety of civil engineering material conditions in order to meet diverse needs. Civil Engineering has developed a lot of branches, such as housing projects, railway projects, road projects, airport projects, bridge projects, the tunnel and underground engineering, special engineering structures, water supply and drainage works, urban heating for the gas works, port works, water conservancy engineering sciences. Some of these branches, such as water conservancy project, because of their own projects targeted at the growing and specialized scientific and technological development have been divided out from the civil engineering disciplines as an independent system, but they are still largely in mon with civil engineering. Civil Sociality are acpanied by the development of human society developed. It reflects the construction of engineering facilities in every historical period of socioeconomic, cultural, scientific, technical development of the face, thus civil society has bee one of the historical development of the witness. Ancient times, people will start to build simple houses, roads, bridges to meet the needs of easy living and production needs. Later, the people in order to adapt to the war, production and dissemination of religious life and the needs of the construction of the city, canals, palaces, temples and other buildings. Many wellknown works shown in this historical period of human creativity. For example, China39。 on the other hand, are all areas of society 6 for the advancement of Civil Engineering has created favorable conditions. Such as building materials (steel, cement) implementation of industrial production, machinery and energy technology, and design theory of progress are provided for the Civil Engineering Materials and technical assurance. Thus this period has been rapid development of civil engineering. Emerged around the world at largescale modernization of industrial plants, skyscrapers, nuclear power plants, highways and railways, largespan bridges, largediameter pipelines, long tunnels, the Grand Canal, big dams, big airports, major seaports and marine engineering and so on. Modern civil society continue to create for mankind a new physical environment, human society and modern civilization has bee an important part. Practical Civil Engineering is a highly practical subject. In the early days, through the Engineering Practice of Civil Engineering, sum up successful experiences, especially the lessons learn from the failure of developed. From the beginning the 17th century to Galileo and Newton as the forerunner of modern mechanical and civil engineering practice, and has gradually formed material mechanics, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, and rock mechanics, as the basic theory of civil engineering disciplines. This Civil Engineering from the experience gradually developed into a science. Civil Engineering at the development process, engineering practice and experience often first in theory, works often show that the accident was unable to foresee that the new factors, triggering a new theory of the research and development. So far, many works deal with the problem, is still very much rely on practical experience. The reason why the development of civil engineering technology major with engineering practice rather than by virtue of scientific experiments and theoretical studies, there are two reasons: First, some of the objective situation is too plicated, it is difficult to faithfully carry out laboratory or field testing and theoretical analysis. For example, groundbased foundation, tunnels and underground engineering stress and deformation state and its changes over time is still necessary to refer to an analysis of engineering exp