【正文】 sfactions as a way to increase productivity. In 1976 Locke located over 3,000 such published studies[12], and if one takes into consideration the unpublished studies, and those which have taken place in the intervening ten years — published and unpublished — there have probably been about 10,000 such studies, plus or minus a few thousand. However, as early as 1955 there were some dissenting voices concerning the connection between satisfaction and work patterns[13], and i n the 1970s such scepticism among researchers was found to be increasingly justified. When the volume of satisfaction/productivity studies made it possible, reviews of such research began to appear, and then reviews of the reviews[14]. As a result, there is now a growing consensus that, except in isolated cases for relatively short periods, there is no generalisable, reliable, functional link between work satisfactions and productivity in industrial settings[12, 15, 16, 17, 18].Indeed, there is considerable evidence of a reverse connection — that some people are satisfied by the opportunity to work hard[19, 20,21]. Growth of the Service Sector Just as the agricultural sector declined from 90 per cent to 5 per cent of employment due to the rise of industry, so the service sector has been growing at the expense of industry. For example, in 1929 40 per cent of all jobs in the United States were in services, but this grew to over 50 percent by 1950, to 55 per cent in 1967, and by 1980 service employment was estimated to be over 80 per cent[22, 23, 24] with predictions that it will reach 95 or 97 per cent by the end of this century[25,26]. In Sweden, serviceproducing jobs grew from 45 per cent of all jobs in 1965 to 59 per cent in 1976[27]. By 1980, service employment accounted for more than 50 per cent of all jobs in Japan, Belgium, France, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, and was larger than either industrial or agricultural employment in both West Germany and ltaly[28]. Of the new jobs created between 1973 and 1980 in the United States, 70 per cent were in the services[29]. Research in the Service Sector Despite this constant growth in the service sector, grounded knowledge concerning personnel needs, work patterns, work satisfactions, etc, in the services lags far behind. Part of the reason for this situation is that judging the effectiveness of services, and evaluating service workers, has been found to be fraught with difficulties[30], and termed the most perplexing and troublesome issue in productivity studies[31]. Importance of the Research If social workers39。 Relationships with Clients Y. Meller and D. Macarov Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Introduction The gradual shift from industrial to service economies which has been characteristic of all the western democracies for at least the last century has not been reflected in research on the services in a manner mensurate with the pace and importance of that shift. Although there are semantic and practical difficulties in defining exactly what is meant by services[1], one can discern a rough continuum running through most definitions and categorisations, with creating,altering, or bining material objects on one end of the continuum, and dealing with an individual39。s problems and needs through the use of a helping relationship on the other. Using this model, it is clear that the overwhelming majority of research studies into work attitudes, patterns, influences, productivity and so fort