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20xx屆中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)-wenkub

2023-02-12 22:42:57 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 lk, ten miles39。s,如: Children39。s room, students39。 二、名詞的所有格 名詞所有格,用來(lái)表示人或物的所有,以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。 ( 10)還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如: trousers, clothes, chopsticks,glasses, goods, ashes, scissors, passes。但當(dāng) fish 表示不同種類的魚時(shí),可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。 【 注意 】與 man 和 woman 構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 men和 women。例如: zoo→zoos , radio→radios ,還有某些外來(lái)詞也只加 s,例如: photo→photos , piano→pianos 。 ( 4)以輔音母加 y 結(jié)尾的詞變 “y”為 “i”再加 es,例如: city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families 。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 一、名詞的數(shù) 1.單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾 “s”構(gòu)成,其主要變法如下: ( 1)一般情況在詞尾加 s,例如: book→books , girl→girls ,boy→boys , pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys 。但要注意的是以元音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加 s,如: boy→boys, da y→days 。 ( 6) 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的詞,多數(shù)變 f 為 v 再加 es,例如:knife→knives , leaf→leaves, half→halves 。例如: an Englishman, two Englishmen。 ( 8)單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有: people, police 等。 ( 11)只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有: 科學(xué)名詞: physics, mathematics/maths 游戲名稱: bowls 專有名詞: the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名詞: news, falls 2.不可數(shù)名詞 “量 ”的表示方法 在英語(yǔ)中,不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示 “量 ”的概念,可以用以下兩種方法: ( 1)用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少,例如: The rich man has a lot of money. There is some milk in the bottle. Is there any water in the glass? I don39。 1. 表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加 39。 rooms, father39。s Day。 journey,a boat39。 4. 無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則必須用 of 結(jié)構(gòu),例如: a map of China,the end of this term, the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。s,則表示 “分別有 ”,例如:John39。s bikes(兩人各自的自行車)。s mother(即Tom 與 Mary 是兄妹)。 4. 形容詞和副詞在句中的區(qū)別和位置。起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。例如: He often es to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow? He is never been to Beijing. 2)地點(diǎn)副詞 地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。例如: The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. The birds are flying high. He runs very fast. 4)程度副詞 程度副詞多數(shù)用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞,有少數(shù)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。例如: How are you getting along with your studies? Where were you yesterday? Why did you do that? (2)副詞在句中的位置 1)多數(shù)副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。例如: It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didn’t work hard enough. 4)副詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如: I don’t like the idea much. They did not talk much. 2) too, either 這兩個(gè)副詞都表示 “也 ”,但 too 用于肯定句, either 用于否定句。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class. (2) most 同形容詞連用而不用 the,表示 極 ,很 ,非常 , 十分 。 It’s getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) (系動(dòng)詞 )+as+形容詞原形 +as+從句。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China 2021 屆中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)三:動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練 【考點(diǎn)直擊】 ; 態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法; ; 。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。t want so much. 5) 某些動(dòng)詞如 e, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等,在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句中可用來(lái)表示將來(lái)肯定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。ll help you as soon as you have problem. Te ll Xiao Li about it if you meet him. ( 2)一般過去時(shí)的用法: 表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,通常一般過去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的詞,詞組或從句 ,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等 ,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如: He will go to see his mother every Saturdays. 3)表示將來(lái)的意愿,決心,許諾, 命令等時(shí)常用 will,征求對(duì)方意見,主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí),常用 shall。表示有職責(zé),義務(wù),可能,約定,意圖等。 The students are preparing for the examination. 3) 某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這些動(dòng)詞有 arrive, e, leave, start等。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與 for 和 since 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。例如: I was watching TV when she came to see me. 【注意】 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是過去發(fā)生的事情,但過去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù) 進(jìn)行,而一般過去時(shí)則表示單純的過去事實(shí),例如: They were building a house last month. (上個(gè)月正在建造,建造好與否不知) They built a new house last month. (上個(gè)月建造好了,動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成) ( 7)過去完成時(shí)的用法 過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài),過去完成時(shí)常和 by , before 等詞組成的短語(yǔ)和從句連用。 ( 1)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是: be +及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞 2) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要是及物動(dòng)詞 因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等,也可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如: The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 4) 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 如 wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等動(dòng)詞雖然用做主動(dòng)形式卻表示被動(dòng)的意義。 動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為動(dòng)名詞,分詞,動(dòng)詞不定式。 (強(qiáng)調(diào) 我看見了 這個(gè)事實(shí) ) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào) 我見他正干 活這個(gè)動(dòng)作) 昨天我見他正在花園里干活。 stop doing 停止做某事。 try doing 試驗(yàn),試著做某事。 1) say 表示講話,作為及物動(dòng)詞使用,后跟賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。 What are you talking about? Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now. 4) tell 表示 “告訴,講述 ”是及物動(dòng)詞,可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。 They can39。t read in the sun. I like to read newspapers when I am free. (3) borrow, lend 和 keep 的區(qū)別。 How long can the recorder be kept? The farmer kept the pat for two weeks. (4) bring, take, carry 和 get 的用法。 It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you. Mother took the little girl to the next room. 3) carry 是 “帶著、搬運(yùn)、攜帶 ”的意思,指隨身攜帶,有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的含義,不表明來(lái)去的方向。t like to wear a red flowers in her hair. 2) put on 是 “穿上 ”“戴上 ”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。d better put on your coat. He put on his hat and went out of the room. 3) dress 可以作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞,有 “穿著 ”“打扮 ”的意思。 She always dresses well. Get up and dress quickly. Mary is dressing her child. (6) take, spend 和 use 的用法。 exercises. Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes. 3) use 表示使用工具、手段等。 When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun. My sister was cooking when mother got home. 3) arrive 是不及物動(dòng)詞,表示到達(dá)一個(gè)小地方時(shí),用 arrive at, 到達(dá)一個(gè)大地方時(shí)用 arrive in。 A 用在輔音之前, an 用在元音之前。例如: A student wants to see you. A girl is waiting for you outside. (4) 表示 “每一 ”的意思,相當(dāng)于 every。例如: Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan. (4) 表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。例如: the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air 等。例如 : China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love 等。例如: I don’t feel well today, Mother. Bush was made president of the . (5) 三餐飯的名稱前,球類活動(dòng),學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前,常不用冠詞?;鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)目,序
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