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而 after 詞組所表示的時段純系過去,因而要與一般過去時連用。例如: in the nitenth century, in 2021, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon 等。介詞短語可在句中作定語,狀語,表語和賓語補足語。關(guān)系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們在句中可用作主語 ,表語 ,賓語 ,定語 . 在主句中 ,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。s / one another39。作定語用時,相互代詞用所有格形式。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. . There are tall trees on both sides of the street. 六 . 相互代詞 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。re both fine. ② 與 “of +代詞(或名詞) ”連用,表示 “兩者都 ”。(作主語) = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語 ) All the water has been used up. (作主語 ) That39。 1) all 指三者以上,或不可數(shù)的東西。ve had this cake. Please give me another. 4. every 與 each 的區(qū)別。t you? Mary doesn39。 We got home by 4 o39。常與 one 搭配構(gòu)成 “one ..., the other ...”句型。m a little hungry. (修飾形容詞 hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞 sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級 ) She slept very little last night. 3. other, the other, another, others, the others 的區(qū)別。ll lend you some. 注意:與 some, any 結(jié)合的詞如 something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody 在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法,大致和 some, any 的用法相同。t any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3) any 和 some 也可以作代詞用,表示 “一些 ”。 I myself washed the clothes.( =I washed the clothes myself.)(作主語同位語) You should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語同位語) 五 . 不定代詞 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞,在句中可作主語、表 語、賓語和定語。 He called himself a writer. Would you please express yourself in English? 2. 作表語。 pronunciation is very important in learning English. 3. 有時為了避 免重復(fù)提到的名詞,??捎?that 或 those 代替,例如: Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. 4. this 在電話用語中代表自己, that 則代表對方。ve already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作賓語) 三 . 指示代詞 指示代詞包括: this, that, these, those。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性 物主代詞,如下表所示。如: I like table tennis. (作主語) Do you know him?(作賓語) 。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。分子大于 1 時,分母加 s。ll have to do it a second time. Shall I ask him a third time? When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak. ( 3)由幾個序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫時不對應(yīng),很容易寫錯,應(yīng) 特 別 注 意 。例如: We get up at six. The workers begin work at eight. 表示 “幾點過幾分 ”,用介詞 past,但須在半小時以內(nèi)。 二 . 數(shù)詞的用法 數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。 They are workers. We are students. (4) 稱呼語前不用冠詞,表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。 3. 不用冠詞的情況 (1) 某些專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如: The nurse is kind to the sick. We should take good care of the old. (7) 用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語中。例如: Open the door, please. Jack is in the library. (3) 上文提到過的人或事物。例如 : A steel worker makes steel. Pass me an apple, please. (3) 指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或和物。 A(an)叫不定冠詞, the 叫定冠詞。 After the train had left, they reached the station We reached the top of the mountain at last. 2) get 是不及動詞,常與 to 連用,再接名詞,后面接表示地點的副詞時,不用 to, get to 常用于口語中。t spend much time on his lessons. He spent much time (in) correcting students39。dress sb. (給某人穿衣服),而 wear 作 “穿著 ”用時,也是及物動詞,但它的賓語是物,不是人,即 wear sth.(穿著衣物)。s cold. You39。 Tom always wears black shoes. He wears a raincoat even when it is fine. She doesn39。 Bring me the book, please. May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday? 2) take 意思是 “拿走 ”, “帶走 ”,把某物或某人 從這里 “帶來 ”或 “拿到 ”某處之意。 Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li. Could you lend us your radio, please? 3) keep 是 “保存 ”的意思,動作可以延續(xù)。 Don39。 Look! The girl is swimming in the lake. Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual? 2) see 指 “看見 ”某物,強調(diào)的是結(jié)果。 Do you speak English? May I speak to Mr Pope, please? 3) talk 表示 “談話 ”,是不及物動詞,與 to , about, with 等連用,才可以接賓語。 6) mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味著 4. 容易混淆的常用動詞的辨析 (1) say, speak, talk, tell 的用法。 (已做 ) 3) remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做 ) remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做 ) 4) try to do 努力,企圖做某事。 ( 6)接動名詞與不定式意義不同 1) stop to do 停止,中斷做某事后去做另一件事。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。 ( 1)非謂語動詞的形式 非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞,形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式,而不是作謂語的動詞形式。此類動詞為感官動詞,如: feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch 等。 主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài);主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。) ( 6)過去進行時的用法 表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。 I have bought a tenspeed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 2) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。 What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. 2) 現(xiàn)在進行時表示目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作(但說話時這個動作不一定在進行)。 I am going to Beijing next week. 5) be + 動詞不定式。例如: I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2)表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I39。 I don39。 時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實。 He always helps the poor. (7) 形容詞和副詞最高級用于三個或三個以上的人和物進行比較。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) 形容詞比較級 + and + 形容詞比較級 , 表示 越來越 ... 。 例如: My brother likes football and so do I. My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I. 3. 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級 (1) 兩個人或事物的比較時 (不一定每一方只有一個人或一個事物 ),用比較 級。例如: She is a very nice girl I’m feeling much better now. Much 可以修飾動詞,而 very 則不能。例如: He usually gets up early. I’ve never heard him singing. She is seldom ill. 3)程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面 , 但 enough作副詞用時,通常放在被修飾詞的后面。常見的疑問副詞有: how, when, where, why 等。常見的方式副詞有:anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide 等。常見的時間副詞有:now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always 等。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用 and 或 or 連接起來的兩個形容詞作定語時一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。 3. 形容詞和副詞原級、比較級、最高級的用法 。s room(約翰和瑪麗共有一間); Tom and Mary39。s and Mary39。 【 注意 】 如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有 39。 worth。 wa