外文翻譯--外商直接投資模式的解釋：基于土耳其汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的分析-wenkub
2023-05-19 07:16:56 本頁面
【正文】 rs – is the general upswing in aggregate global FDI trends from source economies, which occurs for a variety of wellrehearsed reasons, see . Porter (1990), Buckley (1992) and Dunning (1993). These reasons include: market extension (perhaps because the home market is near saturation)。 Vietnam is a country which had to relaunch its economy from a very low base after the US removed its block on US panies’ investment, instituted immediately after its withdrawal from the Vietnam War in 1975. Indeed the flat performance of the 1990s at a time of aggregate global increase is even more notable when pared with the 1980s. Data for that period show that the liberalisationoriented change in regime of the period did indeed produce a positive increase albeit from a low base. Hence the fairly modest average performance around the change of decade (see Table 1) nevertheless marked a fivefold increase on the first couple of years. A corner was turned, so to speak, but was not followed by the expected acceleration. At an aggregate level, the ratio FDIt/GDPt,， where t is the year or period chosen, is sometimes used as an indicator of how well a country is doing in attracting FDI. Is a country ‘getting its share’? The unreliability of source data can be a problem but the ratio is likely to be fairly robust certainly to an order of magnitude. Based on data from the UN Statistical Yearbook (UN, 2020) and the data in Table 1, in 1999, Turkey’s ratio was , pared with Thailand , Vietnam , China , UK , and US . These data suggest that Turkey failed to perform – it clearly did not get a relative share, whether pared with developed or parable developing countries. Until recently, manufacturing was very important within the pattern of FDI into Turkey, and the biggest subsector therein was the auto and transport parts industry. Hence the auto industry might be expected to be a particular target for FDI. But actual realised FDI in that sector has been muted in absolute if not internal, parative terms, as we explain in more detail in the next section: why? We have already stated that Turkey’s aggregate FDI performance has been weaker than might be expected based on simple benchmarking around the size of the country’s population and GDP. An examination of some of the key elements of the country’s business environment would tend to suggest that the expectation might well be for a stronger performance than that found. First of all there is its favourable geographical position. Turkey sits at the northeast corner of the Mediterranean. As such, it: ? abuts the EU via its current most easterly element, Greece (and has its customs union with the EU), ? has borders with oil rich Iran and Iraq and moregenerally can be seen as well placed to serve the growing Middle East market, and ? has immediate access to a number of exComecon economies either via direct land borders or by sea via Black Sea ports – it controls the Bosphorus, which is the gateway to the Black Sea. Three more positive factors can be readily identified, all of which might be thought to be sources of parative advantage: 1. petitive labour rates, certainly pared with EU rates, if not with those of other developing economies in other regions (. the benchmark used before, Vietnam)。 ? low ine levels – these are believed to be holding back latent domestic demand。 indeed ? three of the five respondents had further immediate investment plans in hand and a fourth had recently pleted a significant investment。 ? managerial ability。這些原因包括：市場擴(kuò)展（可能國內(nèi)市
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