外文翻譯--建筑中的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及建筑材料-建筑結(jié)構(gòu)-wenkub
2023-05-19 06:58:53 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 之間是由砂漿或者焦油狀的瀝青或其它粘合物粘結(jié)在一起。鋼材 (從根本上說(shuō) ,是以鐵為主要成分并含有少量碳元素的合 金 ),直到出現(xiàn)能夠限制其特殊用途 (如制造刀刃 )的費(fèi)勞力的鑄造方法 ,才被鑄造出來(lái)。例如 ,鋼材在應(yīng)力不斷變化時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的疲勞強(qiáng)度有所見(jiàn)減小的傾向。各成分含量的不同 , 拌制出的混凝土強(qiáng)度和重量也不同。因此它們可以在拉力與壓力同時(shí)存在的條件下共同工作。 結(jié)構(gòu)鋼和混凝土的使用是傳統(tǒng)的施工方式產(chǎn)生的主要變化。它們已經(jīng)變成能夠抵擋風(fēng)雨并進(jìn)行采光的幕墻了。多年來(lái) ,傳統(tǒng)的連接方法是鉚接。 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土是鋼筋混凝土的一種改良方式。另一種更常用的方法是將鋼筋置于與成品構(gòu)件外形相符的模板底部 ,然后在鋼筋周圍澆注混凝土。這種相對(duì)較新的結(jié)構(gòu)方法的利用正在處于不斷發(fā)展之中。 they had the solid look of bearing walls. Today, however, curtain walls are often made of lightweight materials such as glass, aluminum, or plastic, in various binations. Another advance in steel construction is the method of fastening together the beams. For many years the standard method was riveting. A rivet is a bolt with a head that looks like a blunt screw without threads. It is heated, placed in holes through the pieces of steel, and a second head is formed at the other end by hammering it to hold it in place. Riveting has now largely been replaced by welding, the joining together of pieces of steel by melting a steel material between them under high heat. Priestess’s concrete is an improved form of reinforcement. Steel rods are bent into the shapes to give them the necessary degree of tensile strengths. They are then used to priestess concrete, usually by one of two different methods. The first is to leave channels in a concrete beam that correspond to the shapes of the steel rods. When the rods are run through the channels, they are then bonded to the concrete by filling the channels with grout, a thin mortar or binding agent. In the other (and more mon) method, the priestesses steel rods are placed in the lower part of a form that corresponds to the shape of the finished structure, and the concrete is poured around them. Priestess’s concrete uses less steel and less concrete. Because it is a highly desirable material. Progressed concrete has made it possible to develop buildings with unusual shapes, like some of the modern, sports arenas, with large spaces unbroken by any obstructing supports. The uses for this relatively new structural method are constantly being developed. 。 these preliminarylevel decisions may also result in feedback that calls for refinement or even major change in schematic concepts. When the designer and the client are satisfied with the feasibility of a design proposal at the preliminary level, it means that the basic problems of overall design are solved and details are not likely to produce major change .The focus shifts again ,and the design process moves into the final level .At this stage the emphasis will be on the detailed development of all subsystem specifics . Here the role of specialists from various fields, including structural engineering, is much larger, since all detail of the preliminary design must be worked out. Decisions made at this level may produce
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1