外文資料翻譯--太陽能光伏發(fā)電-wenkub
2023-05-19 04:36:32 本頁面
【正文】 sion of photovoltaic cell types includes singlecrystal, polycrystalline, and thinfilm materials. The report covers progress in improving cell efficiencies, reducing manufacturing cost, and finding economic applications of photovoltaic technology. Lists of major manufacturers and organizations are included, along with a discussion of market trends and projections. The conclusion is that photovoltaic power generation is still more costly than conventional systems in general. However, large variations in cost of conventional electrical power, and other factors, such as cost of distribution, create situations in which the use of PV power is economically sound. PV power is used in remote applications such as munications, homes and villages in developing countries, water pumping, camping, and boating. Gridconnected applications such as electric utility generating facilities and residential rooftop installations make up a smaller but more rapidly expanding segment of PV use. Furthermore, as technological advances narrow the cost gap, more applications are being economically feasible at an accelerating rate. INTRODUCTION This report is the result of Gale Greenleaf’s October 19, 1998 request for proposal. Bill Louk and Tom Penick responded to her request with a proposal, dated October 30, 1998, to continue earlier research on photovoltaic power generation. The proposal was approved and resulted in continued research followed by a presentation on November 30, 1998 and this final report on photovoltaic power generation. PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY Scientists have known of the photovoltaic effect for more than 150 years. Photovoltaic power generation was not considered practical until the arrival of the space program. Early satellites needed a source of electrical power and any solution was expensive. The development of solar cells for this purpose led to their eventual use in other applications. DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER The photovoltaic effect has been known since 1839, but cell efficiencies remained around 1% until the 1950s when U. S. researchers were essentially given a blank check to develop a means of generating electricity onboard space vehicles. Bell Laboratories quickly achieved 11% efficiency, and in 1958, the Vanguard satellite employed the first practical photovoltaic generator producing a modest one watt. In the 1960s, the space program continued to demand improved photovoltaic power generation technology. Scientists needed to get as much electrical power as possible from photovoltaic collectors, and cost was of secondary importance . Without this tremendous development effort, photovoltaic power would be of little use today. POWER OUTPUT AND EFFICIENCY RATINGS The figures given for power output and efficiency of photovoltaic cells, modules, and systems can be misleading. It is importa
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