研究儲罐事故外文翻譯-其他專業(yè)-wenkub
2023-01-30 03:02:00 本頁面
【正文】 rm celland structures induces a charge on the surface of the earth prod ectlng The charged area varies in from the si ze from surface under the cell. 15 to 150 sq km, whichis much larger than a direct strike zone. The risk of secondary effects related fire is direct strike. After the nearby far higher than the risk of a strike, a wellgrounded tankwill still take on the storm cell induced charge, but it releases the charge faster. The rim seal of a floating roof tank is the most likely place to be ignited in a thunderstorm. Most rim seal fires were extinguished in a few hours, but a 1989 lightning strike in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania led to a 360 0 rim seal fire around an 80,000 barrels external floating roof storage tank containing crude oil that lasted for five days (Persson and Lonnermark, 2021). A rim fire on a Singapore storage tank in 1991 escalated to a full surface and bund fire. Tight sealing to prevent the escape of liquids or vapors is definitely necessary for storage safety. Vent valve is also a likely place to be ignited. Flame arrestor should be installed. The existing lightning protection standards for the petroleum industry provide little help. The conventional radioactive lightning protection installed on a Nigerian 670,000barrel crude oil tank did not prevent the tank fromthe lightning strike in 1990 (Carpenter, 1996). The National Fire Protection Publication on lightning protection, NFPA78/780, deibscres the problem and industrial standard policies, but provides no positive protection solutions. 32. Maihtehahce error Welding is responsible for 18 accidents. Catastrophic failures of aboveground atmospheric storage tanks can occur when flammable vapors in the tank explode. In a 1995 accident, during a welding operation on the outside of a tank, bustible vapors inside two large, 30ft. diameter by 30ft. high, storage tanks exploded (USEPA, 1997). In a 1986 accident in Thessaloniki, Greece, sparks from a flame of a cutting torch ignited flammable vapors resulting in a fire spreading to other areas (Fewtrell and Hirst, 1998). The fire extended for seven days resulting in the destruction of 10 out of 12 crude oil storage tanks and five deaths. Both OSHA39。 USCHSIB, 2021。 Persson and Lonnermark,2021), books (CPC, 1983。 UL,1986。 API, 1988。A study of storage tank accidents James I. Changa, ChengChung Linb 【 Abstract】 This paper reviews 242 accidents of storage tanks that occurred in industrial facilities over last 40 years. Fishbone Diagram is applied to analyze the causes that lead to accidents. Corrective actions are also provided to help operating engineers handling similar situations in the future. The results show that 74% of accidents occurred in petroleum refineries, oil terminals or storage. Fire and explosion account for 85%of the accidents. There were 80 accidents (33%) caused by lightning and 72 (30%) caused by human errors i
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