【正文】 畢業(yè)設計說明書 第 I 頁 二維跟蹤太陽光伏發(fā)電裝置設計（曲柄搖桿式） 摘要 ： 人類正面臨著石油和煤炭等礦物燃料枯竭的嚴重威脅，太陽能作為一種新型能源具有儲量無限、普遍存在、利用清潔、使用經(jīng)濟等優(yōu)點，但是太陽能又存在著低密度、間歇性、空間分布不斷變化的缺點，這就使目前的一系列太陽能設備對太陽能的利用率不高。太陽光線自動跟蹤裝置解決了太陽能利用率不高的問題。本文對太陽能跟蹤系統(tǒng)進行了機械設計和自動跟蹤系統(tǒng)控制部分設計。 第一，機械部分設計： 機械結構主要包括底座、主軸、齒輪和齒圈等。當太陽光線發(fā)生偏離時，控制部分發(fā)出控制信號驅動步進 電機 8 帶動小齒輪轉動，小齒輪帶動大齒輪和主軸轉動，實現(xiàn)水平方向跟蹤；同時控制信號驅動步進電機 4 帶動絲桿，絲桿帶動可動螺母和太陽能板實現(xiàn)垂直方向轉動，通過步進電機 步進電機 4 的共同工作實現(xiàn)對太陽的跟蹤。 第二，控制部分設計： 主要包括傳感器部分、信號轉換電路、單片機系統(tǒng)和電機驅動電路等。系統(tǒng)采用光電檢測追蹤模式實現(xiàn)對太陽的跟蹤。傳感器采用光敏電阻，將兩個完全相同的光敏電阻分別放置于一塊電池板東西方向邊沿處下方。當兩個光敏電阻接收到的光強度不相同時，通過運放比較電路將信號送給單片機，驅動步進電機正反轉，實現(xiàn)電 池板對太陽的跟蹤。 關鍵詞 : 太陽能 ； 跟蹤 ； 光敏電阻； 單片機 ； 步進電機 畢業(yè)設計說明書 第 II 頁 Two dimensional tracking solar photovoltaic power generation device design (crank rocker type) Author： Liu da ke Tutor： Li an sheng Abstract:Human being is seriously threatened by exhausting mineral fuel, such as coal and fossil oil. As a kind of new type of energy sources, solar energy has the advantages of unlimited reserves, existing everywhere,using clean and economical .But it also has disadvantages ,such as low density,intermission,change of space distributing and so on. These make that the current series of solar energy equipment for the utilization of solar energy is not high. In order to keep the energy exchange part to plumb up the solar beam,it must track the movement of solar. In this paper, the solar tracking system of the mechanical part and control system part are designed. First, the mechanical part is designed. Mechanical structure mainly includes the main spindle, stepping motors, gears and gear ring, and so on. When the sun39。s rays has a deviation, small gear are rotated by stepper motor according to the control signal from MCU. And the large gear and main spindle is rotated by small gear in order to track to achieve the level direction. At the same time, another small gear is rotated by another stepper motor according to the control the large gear and the solar panels are rotated by the small gear in order to track to achieve the vertical direction. Solar is tracked by the two stepper motors together. Second, control system part is designed. Control system mainly includes the sensors part, stepper motor, MCU system and the corresponding external circuit, and so on. Photoelectric detection system is used to track solar. Sensors use photosensitive resistance. The two same photosensitive resistances were placed in east and west direction of the bottom edge .When the two photosensitive resistances received different light at the same time, the signal from parison circuit is sent to MCU in order to rotate stepping motors. Keywords ： Solar energy Tracking Photosensitive resistance SCM Stepping motor 畢業(yè)設計說明書 第 1 頁 目錄 1 緒論 .............................................................................................................................................. 1 課題來源 ................................................................................................................................ 1 課題背景 ................................................................................................................................ 1 能源現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展 .............................................................................................................. 1 我國太陽能資源 .............................................................................................................. 1 目前太陽能的開發(fā)和利用 .............................................................................