【正文】
齊 齊 哈 爾 大 學(xué) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 題 目 太陽(yáng)光入射角光電檢測(cè)裝置 學(xué) 院 通信與電子工程學(xué)院 專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí) 電子 085 學(xué)生姓名 董 建 指導(dǎo)教師 苗鳳娟 成 績(jī) 2021 年 6 月 25 日齊齊哈爾大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) I 摘要 本 論文 嘗試 設(shè)計(jì) 一種能夠自動(dòng)跟蹤太陽(yáng)光照射角度的雙軸自動(dòng)跟蹤系統(tǒng)以提高太陽(yáng)能電池的光 電轉(zhuǎn)化率。 在設(shè)計(jì)中首先對(duì)用到的硬件部分進(jìn)行比較和選取,其次利用仿真軟件對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng) 進(jìn)行仿真和調(diào)試。設(shè)計(jì)中 采用四個(gè)光敏電阻對(duì)比所受光照強(qiáng)度,當(dāng)該板未對(duì)準(zhǔn)太陽(yáng)時(shí),因角度差會(huì)造成光敏電阻上所接受的光強(qiáng)不同,從而產(chǎn)生微弱的壓差,該壓差與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓差送入電壓比較器中進(jìn)行比較輸出,得出四路高低電平的信號(hào)變化,該變 化信號(hào)就是太陽(yáng)方位的實(shí)時(shí)反應(yīng),這四路信號(hào)送入 H 橋電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片中 ,驅(qū)動(dòng)兩電直流電機(jī)按相應(yīng)的 方位進(jìn)行位移,當(dāng)位移過(guò)程中 控制板對(duì)準(zhǔn)太陽(yáng)時(shí),芯片無(wú)輸 出 電機(jī)進(jìn)入鎖定狀態(tài), 最終達(dá)到實(shí)時(shí)跟蹤的目的。太陽(yáng)光入射角光電檢測(cè)裝置 不僅可以作為演示實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置, 而且 結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低 、靈敏度高 , 受外界環(huán)境影響較低, 還 可以擴(kuò)展為實(shí)用的太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電 的自動(dòng)跟蹤系統(tǒng) , 有較 高 的 實(shí)用 價(jià)值。 關(guān)鍵詞: 太陽(yáng)入射角; 光敏電阻 ; 直流 減速 電機(jī) ; 光電檢測(cè) 跟蹤 齊齊哈爾大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) II Abstract This paper attempts to design a way to automatically track the sunlight angle of the dualaxis automatic tracking system to improve the solar cell conversion rate. First used in the hardware section in the design and selection, followed by the use of simulation software, simulation and debugging of the entire system. The design uses four photosensitive resistance pared suffered light intensity, when the board at the sun, the angle difference will cause the photoresistor accepted intensity, resulting in a weak pressure difference, the pressure difference and the standard pressure difference into a voltage parator to pare the output obtained four highlow signal changes, the change signal is realtime response of the sun position, this fourway signal into the Hbridge motor driver chip, drive two electric DC motor corresponding position displacement when the displacement process in the control panel at the sun, chipfree output of the motor into the locked state, and ultimately achieve the goal of realtime tracking. Sunlight incidence angle optical detection device not only as a Demonstration Device, and a simple structure, low cost, high sensitivity, by the outside world with low environmental impact can also be extended to the utility of solar power generation, automated tracking system, a high practical value. Key words: Solar incident angle; Photosensitive resistance; Dc gear motor; Photoelectric detection and tracking齊齊哈爾大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) III 目 錄 摘要 ............................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒論 ............................................................................................................................ 1 課題背景 .................................................................................................................... 1 能源短缺 .......................................................................................................... 1 環(huán)境污染 .......................................................................................................... 1 溫室效應(yīng) .......................................................................................................... 1 太陽(yáng)能的特點(diǎn) ............................................................................................................ 2 國(guó)內(nèi)外太陽(yáng)能應(yīng)用的現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................................ 3 太陽(yáng)入射角光電檢測(cè)跟蹤技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................ 4 單軸檢測(cè)追蹤 .................................................................................................. 4 雙軸檢測(cè)追蹤 .................................................................................................. 4 高度角 方位角式光電檢測(cè)追蹤 ..................................................................... 4 課題研究的目的和意義 ............................................................................................ 4 論文的結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................................................ 5 第 2 章 太陽(yáng)光電檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的整體設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................ 6 光電檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求 ........................................................................................ 6 太陽(yáng)照射規(guī)律 ............................................................................................................ 6 地球圍繞太陽(yáng)的運(yùn)行規(guī)律 .............................................................................. 6 太陽(yáng)方位角和高度角的確定 .......................................................................... 7 太陽(yáng)光檢測(cè)跟蹤裝置的比較和選 擇 ........................................................................ 9 視日運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡跟蹤 .......................................................................................... 9 天文觀測(cè)和氣象臺(tái)的電檢測(cè)跟蹤裝置 ........................................................ 11 光電壓差式太陽(yáng)檢 測(cè)跟蹤裝置 .................................................................... 11 系統(tǒng)跟蹤方式的選擇 .................................................................................... 11 本章小結(jié) .................................................................................................................. 11 第 3 章 光電檢測(cè)跟蹤系統(tǒng)的硬件部分設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................... 13 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)及原理 .......................................................................................... 13 直流電機(jī)的特性和選取 .......................................................................................... 14 直流電機(jī)的特性 ............................................................................................ 14 直流電機(jī)的選取 ............................................................................................ 14 齊齊哈爾大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) IV 直流減速電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片的選取 .........................