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中考英語復(fù)習(xí)講解(打印版)(已修改)

2025-08-12 14:23 本頁面
 

【正文】 1 初三 英語 系列復(fù)習(xí)資料 一 . 短語動(dòng)詞和句型 【考點(diǎn)直擊】 1. 短語動(dòng)詞的辨析; 2. 英語句子的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu); 3. 初中階段主要句型的用法。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 短語動(dòng)詞是中考的重要內(nèi)容之一。在初中階段,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了不少短語 動(dòng)詞,把他們加以歸納總結(jié),進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)是十分必要的。英語中有許多短語動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體,其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞,有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。 1. 短語動(dòng)詞的分類 (1)動(dòng)詞+介詞 常見的有 look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如: Don’t laugh at others. Tom asked his parents for a bike. (2)動(dòng)詞+副詞 常見的有 give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如: You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don’t fet to hand it in. (3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞 常見的有 go on with, catch up with 等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如: Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes. After a short rest, he went on with his research work. (4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞 常見的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如: You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time. (5)動(dòng)詞+形容詞 常見的有 leave open, set free, cut open 等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如: The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. (6)動(dòng)詞+名詞 常見的有 take place, make friends 等。這類短語動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如: This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people. 2. 短語動(dòng)詞的辨析 (1)be made in(在 …… 生產(chǎn)或制造), be made of(由 …… 組成或構(gòu)成 ) (2)e down(下來 。落 ), e along(來;隨同 ), e to oneself(蘇醒 ), e true(實(shí)現(xiàn) ), e out(花開;發(fā)芽;出現(xiàn);出來 ),e over(過來;順便來訪), e in(進(jìn)來 ), e on(來吧;跟著來;趕快 ), e up with(找到;提出 )(3)do one’s best(盡最大努力 ), do well in(在 …… 干得好 ), do one’s homework( 做作業(yè) ) , do some reading(閱讀 )(4)fall asleep(入睡 ), fall behind(落在 ….. 后面 ), fall off(從 …… 掉下 ), fall down(到下;跌倒 )(5)get down(下來;落下 ), get on(上車 ), get to(到達(dá) ),get up(起床 ), get back(回來;取回 ), get off(下來 ), get on well with(與 …… 相處融洽 ), get married(結(jié)婚 ), get together(相聚 ) (6)give up(放棄 ), give…a hand( 給與 …… 2 幫助 ), give a concert(開音樂會(huì) ) (7)go back(回去 ), go on(繼續(xù) ), go home(回家 ), go to bed(睡覺 ), go over(過一遍;仔細(xì)檢查 ), go out(外出;到外面 ), go wrong(走錯(cuò)路 ), go on doing(繼續(xù)做某事 ),go shopping(買東西 ), go boating(去劃船 ), go fishing(去釣魚 ), go hiking(去徒步旅行 ), go skating(去滑冰 ), go straight along(沿著 …… 一直往前走 ) (8)have a look(看一看 ), have a seat(坐下) , have supper(吃晚餐) , have a rest(休息) , have sports(進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)) , have a cold(感冒) , have a cough(咳嗽) , have a good time(過得愉快) , have a headache(頭痛),have a try(嘗 試;努力 )(9)look for(尋找 ),look out(留神 。 注意 ), look over(仔細(xì)檢查 ), look up(向上看;抬頭看 ), look after(照顧 。 照看 ), look at(看; 觀看 ), look like(看起來像 ), look the same(看起來像 ), (10)make friends(交朋友 ), make phone calls(打電話 ), make money(賺錢 ), make the bed(整理床鋪 ), make a noise(吵鬧 ),make a faces(做鬼臉 ), make one’s way to(往 …… 走去 ), make room for(給 …… 騰出地方 ), make a decision(做出決定 ), make a mistake(犯錯(cuò)誤 ), make up one’s mind(下決心 )(11)put on(上演 ;穿上;戴上 ), put up(掛起;舉起 ), put down(把某物放下來 ),put away(把某物收起來 ), put off(推遲 ) (12)take off(脫掉衣服 ), take photos(照相 ),take time(花費(fèi)時(shí)間 ), take out(取出 ), take a seat(坐下 ), take an active part in(積極參加 ), take care of(照顧;照料;注意 ), take exercise(做運(yùn)動(dòng) ), take one’s place(坐某人的位置;代替某人的職務(wù) ), take turn(輪流 ) (13)talk about( 談話;交談 ) , talk with(和 …… 交談 )(14)turn on(打開電燈,收音機(jī),煤氣,自來水等 ), turn off(關(guān)上電燈,收音機(jī),煤氣,自來水等 ), turn down(關(guān)小;調(diào)低 ), turn…over( 把 ..翻過來 ) (15)think of(認(rèn)為 , 想起 )think about(考慮 ) 根據(jù)句子所用動(dòng)詞的不同,句子可歸納為五個(gè)基本句型。 (1)主語 +連系動(dòng)詞 +表語 。例如: My mother is a doctor. Her voice sounds nice. (2)主語 +不及物動(dòng)詞 。例如: He runs fast. We study hard. (3)主語 +及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語 。例如: Children often sing this song. He studies English. 1)常用 ing 形式 , 而不用不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有: enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind 等。例如: She enjoys reading novels and swimming. I finished reading the book last night. 2)常用不定式,而不用 ing 形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有: wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse 等。例如: Where do wish to sit? Tom agreed to lend some money. 3)有些及物動(dòng)詞既可用不定式,由可用ing形式作賓語,但意義不同。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有: remember, fet 等。例如: Please remember to post the letter for me. 請(qǐng)記住替我發(fā)了這封信。 I remember posting the letter. 我記得那封信寄過了。 Stop 的用法同上面的詞相仿,不過 stop后面跟不定式不是作賓語,而是作狀語。試比較下列句子: He stopped to smoke. 他停下來吸煙。 He stopped smoking. 他停止吸煙了。 4)有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語,既可用不定式, 3 又可用 ing形式,意義基本相同。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有: like, love, hate, begin, start, continue 等。例如: I like to swim in summer. I like swimming in summer. (4)主語 +及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語 +直接賓語 。例如: My father bought me a new bike. He gave me an apple. 1)及物動(dòng)詞之后跟有雙賓語,往往一個(gè)指人,一個(gè)指物。指人的為間接賓語, 指物的為直接賓語。一般情況下,間接賓語在前,直接賓語在后。如果要 把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后,間接賓語前需加介詞。 例如: Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me. Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me. 2)把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后,間接賓前有時(shí)加介詞 to, 有時(shí)加介詞 for,這主要取決于謂語動(dòng)詞。一般在動(dòng)詞 give, tell, sell, lend, show 之后加 to。在動(dòng)詞 buy, make, get 等之后加 for。例如: Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please? Tom’s mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Tom’s mother bought a pair of new shoes for him. (5)主語 +及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語 +賓語補(bǔ)足語 。 例如: We keep our classroom clean and tidy. I hear someone singing in the next room. 1)及物動(dòng)詞指后跟有復(fù)合賓語,一個(gè)是賓語,一個(gè)是賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如: We call him Jack. Don’t get your hands dirty. 2)在及物動(dòng)詞之后,用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和用 ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示 的意思往往不同。用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語指事情的全過程;用 ing形式作 賓語補(bǔ)足語指正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的一部分。例如: I heard him sing that song. (我聽他唱過那 首歌。 ) When I came back, I heard him singing in the room. (我回來時(shí),聽見他正在房間里唱歌。 ) 3)在感官動(dòng)詞 see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at 使役動(dòng)詞 let, make, have 等的復(fù)合賓語種,不定式須省去 to。但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí),省去的 to要加上。例如: I saw him go into the room. He was seen to go into the room. 4. 初中階段主要句型的用法 。 1. It39。s time to (for) .... 表 “時(shí)間到了;該干 … 的時(shí)間了 ”之意。 It39。s time to go home. It39。s time for school. 注意: to的后面接動(dòng)詞短語,而 for 的后面接名詞。 2. It39。s bad (good) for ... 表示 “對(duì) … 有害(有益)的 ”含義。 Please
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