【正文】 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） I 摘 要 城鎮(zhèn)供暖是生活環(huán)境質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo)之一，將直接影響到城鎮(zhèn)居民的日常生活。近年來， 由于實(shí)施分戶熱 量 收費(fèi)的迫切需要 ，設(shè)計(jì)一種預(yù)付費(fèi)式熱能計(jì)量控制系統(tǒng)十分必要。 本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于 AT89S52 單片機(jī)的熱能計(jì)量與控制系統(tǒng)。通過 DS18B20溫度傳感器和 DN20 流量傳感器，將溫度、流量數(shù)據(jù)直接傳給單片機(jī)。根據(jù)公式算出消耗的熱能值，并且通過 LCD 顯示屏顯示消費(fèi)、余額、溫度、時(shí)間等相關(guān)信息，系統(tǒng)設(shè)置有語音預(yù)警提示。單片機(jī)輸出信號通過 D/A、 V/I 電路，將輸出信號傳遞給電動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)閥，控 制閥門的開度，達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)溫度目的。通過 CAN 總線以及非接觸式 IC 卡模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程抄表和用戶的預(yù)付費(fèi)功能。系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在儲(chǔ)存芯片 AT24C04A 內(nèi)，防止數(shù)據(jù)丟失。 預(yù)付費(fèi)熱量表不僅可以解決供暖系統(tǒng)中耗熱的計(jì)量問題，還大大提高了供暖計(jì)費(fèi)的準(zhǔn)確性和及時(shí)性，杜絕錯(cuò)誤、遺漏等問題，為科學(xué)、及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、合理進(jìn)行民用供熱系統(tǒng)的熱能計(jì)費(fèi)、收費(fèi)、控制提供了有效的工具。 關(guān)鍵詞： 預(yù)付費(fèi)；熱能計(jì)量；遠(yuǎn)程抄表 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） II Abstract Heating is an important indicator of urban environmental quality of life , will directly affect the daily life of urban residents . In recent years , due to the urgent need to implement household calorie charges , to design a prepaid type heat measurement and control system is necessary. This paper designs energy measurement and control system based on AT89S52 microcontroller . DN20 through DS18B20 temperature sensors and flow sensors , temperature , flow data directly to the microcontroller . Energy consumption values calculated according to the formula , and the LCD display shows consumption, balance , temperature , time, and other relevant information, the system is provided with a voice warning prompt. Microcontroller output signal through the D / A, V / I circuit , the output signal is transmitted to the electric control valve, control valve opening , to regulate the indoor temperature purposes. Remote meter reading and users via the CAN bus and noncontact IC card prepaid module functions . System data stored in memory chips AT24C04A, prevent data loss. Calorimeter prepaid heating system can not only solve measurement problems in heat consumption , but also greatly improve the accuracy and timeliness , to eliminate errors, omissions and other problems heating billing for scientific , timely, accurate and reasonable conduct civil heating systems heat billing, charging , control provides effective tools . Keywords : Prepaid 。 Energy Metering 。 Remote Meter Reading 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） III 目 錄 第 1章 緒論 ............................................................................................................. 5 課題來源與實(shí)際應(yīng)用意義 ....................................................................... 5 國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ....................................................................................... 6 系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)和要求 ........................................................................... 8 第 2章 系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 10 熱能計(jì)量方法 ......................................................................................... 10 總體設(shè)計(jì)框圖 ..........................................................................................11 控制器的選型 ..........................................................................................11 溫度傳感器選擇 ..................................................................................... 12 流量傳感器選擇 ..................................................................................... 13 IC 卡選型 ................................................................................................ 13 通訊方式選擇 ......................................................................................... 14 第 3章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 16 單片最小系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 16 溫度檢測模塊設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 17 流量檢測模塊設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 19 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)模塊設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 22 時(shí)鐘電路設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................... 23 IC 卡接口模塊設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................ 24 天線電路 ................................................................................................. 26 電動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)閥控制電路設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................... 27 顯示模塊設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................... 30 報(bào)警模塊設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................... 31 鍵盤接口電路設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................... 31 通信模塊設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................... 32 電源及電源監(jiān)控電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................... 33 第 4章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 36 系統(tǒng)主程序設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................... 36 初始化子程序設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 38 溫度檢測子程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................. 39 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） IV 流量檢測子程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................. 40 熱能計(jì)量子程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................. 41 顯示子程序設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................... 42 IC 卡讀寫子程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................ 43 報(bào)警子程序設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................... 44 CAN 總線子程序設(shè)計(jì) ........................................