【正文】 目 錄 摘要 ： ............................................................................................................................. 2 Abstract： ........................................................................................................................ 3 第一章 概論 .................................................................................................................... 4 .............................................................................................. 4 .............................................................................................. 5 軟啟動(dòng)器國外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................... 5 軟啟動(dòng)器國內(nèi)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................... 5 第二章 異步電機(jī)啟動(dòng)方式及其原理 ................................................................................. 7 .................................................................................... 7 ........................................................................................... 7 ................................................................................ 7 三角形（ Y△）起動(dòng) ........................................................................ 8 ....................................................................................... 9 ....................................................................... 10 .............................................................................. 10 限流起動(dòng) ............................................................................................... 10 ..........................................................................................11 ..........................................................................................11 .............................................................................. 12 晶閘管簡介及其 調(diào)壓 原理 ................................................................................. 12 晶閘管的結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................................ 12 晶閘管的調(diào)壓原理 ................................................................................. 13 主電路的選擇 ........................................................................................ 14 第三章 基于 AT89C51 單片機(jī)軟啟動(dòng)器的硬件設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................... 16 系統(tǒng)硬件總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 ............................................................................................ 16 軟啟動(dòng)控制電路 電路 設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 16 同步信號(hào)電路 ........................................................................................ 16 相序檢測電路 ...................................................................................... 18 電流檢測電路 ........................................................................................ 19 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換電路 ...................................................................................... 19 電壓反饋回路 ........................................................................................ 20 電流反饋回路 ........................................................................................ 21 過電流保護(hù)電路 ..................................................................................... 21 第四章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................... 22 系統(tǒng)主程序流程圖 ............................................................................................ 22 定時(shí)中斷程序流程圖 ................................................................................ 23 外部中斷程序流程圖 .............................................................................. 24 致謝 ............................................................................................................................... 25 附錄 ............................................................................................................................... 26 參考文獻(xiàn) ........................................................................................................................ 31 基于單片機(jī)的軟起動(dòng)器研究和設(shè)計(jì) 摘要 ： 交流 異步電動(dòng)機(jī) 因其成本低，高可靠性和少維護(hù)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)在各種工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用，但其固有的起動(dòng)性能差。傳統(tǒng)的降壓起動(dòng)設(shè)備雖然能改善異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的起動(dòng)性能，但是同時(shí)也會(huì)帶來二次沖擊電流等新問題。而采用晶閘管交流調(diào)壓方式的電力電子軟起動(dòng)方式能平滑、無級(jí)地起動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)，減小起動(dòng)電流的沖擊。 本課題是基于 AT89C51 單片機(jī)為主控制核心，采用 AT89C51 單片機(jī)控制的晶閘管交流 調(diào)壓方式，對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)的軟起動(dòng)器硬件和軟件設(shè)計(jì)。通過控制電機(jī)的電流．使電機(jī)緩慢、平滑的加速，避免大電流對(duì)電機(jī)和電網(wǎng)的沖擊，提高電網(wǎng)的工作效率和減少起動(dòng)時(shí)對(duì)電機(jī)的沖擊損傷，從而達(dá)到節(jié)能、保護(hù)設(shè)備的作用。 [關(guān)鍵詞 ] 軟啟動(dòng)； AT89C51 單片機(jī)；晶閘管；交流異步電機(jī)； Based on SCM soft starter research and design Abstract： Ac induction motor because of its low cost, high reliability and less maintenance in various industrial areas widely applied, but its inherent starting