【正文】 基于單片機(jī)的 GPS 定位器設(shè)計(jì) I 摘 要 在當(dāng)今這個(gè)快速發(fā)展的信息化時(shí)代， GPS 全球定位系統(tǒng)被廣泛應(yīng)用于實(shí)際生活中，扮演著重要的角色。它性能良好、精度準(zhǔn)確、應(yīng)用廣泛，在當(dāng)今世界導(dǎo)航定位系統(tǒng)中處于獨(dú)一無(wú)二的尖峰位置。自 20世紀(jì) 90年代向全世界所有國(guó)家免費(fèi)開放以來(lái)，以全球化的覆蓋、全天候連續(xù)實(shí)時(shí)提供高精度的三維位置、三維速度和時(shí)間信息的能力，很好的解決了人類導(dǎo)航和定位等問題。 論文討論基于單片機(jī)的 GPS 接收系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ,提出了對(duì) GPS 全球定位系統(tǒng)定位信息的接收以及對(duì)各定位參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)的提取方法，介紹各個(gè)器件功能并給出了系統(tǒng)的硬件電路及軟件流程圖，通過(guò) 本設(shè)計(jì)方法，本系統(tǒng)單片機(jī)控制 GPS 模塊較為精確地計(jì)算和顯示日期、時(shí)間、經(jīng)度、緯度等衛(wèi)星信息。研究 GPS 的原理與技術(shù)的同時(shí)，介紹單片機(jī)的編程及其應(yīng)用，液晶顯示屏及其實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。制作完整的方案，以軟硬件相結(jié)合的方法來(lái)完成整個(gè) GPS 數(shù)據(jù)接收和顯示的過(guò)程。 該定位系統(tǒng)的制作與學(xué)習(xí)完成時(shí)，本設(shè)計(jì)在測(cè)控領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用開發(fā)中具有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值和借鑒價(jià)值。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī) GPS 導(dǎo)航定位 基于單片機(jī)的 GPS 定位器設(shè)計(jì) II Abstract In today39。s rapid development of the information age, Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used in real playing an important role in this world. It has good performance, accurate precision and used a unique peak position of the navigation and positioning system in today39。s world .Since the 1990s,it open and free for all the country in the world,it solve many problems of human navigation and positioning very well by the globalization of the cover,offer the high precision of three dimensional position around the clock and continuous realtime, the speed of the 3D and the ability of time information. Paper discusses the GPS receiving system based on singlechip design，proposed to the Global Positioning System (GPS) how to receivers positioning information and each positioning parameters of data extraction method,it introduce each device function .The system hardware circuit and the soft ware flow chart was given this design method,the singlechip microputer control GPS calculated exactly and show some information of satellite like the date the time the longitude and the latitude. At the same time with the principle and technology of GPS,It introduce the programming and the application of the singlechip microputer,LCD and its realization the whole GPS data receiving and display the process with the method of bining the software and hardware,and make a plete solutions to solve problems. When the positioning system of production and learning had pleted,this design is practical valuable and reference valueable in the application development of Measurement and control field. Keywords ： singlechip ,GPS,navigation positioning 基于單片機(jī)的 GPS 定位器設(shè)計(jì) III 目錄 摘要 ................................................................................ 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 Abstract ....................................................................................................... II 目錄 .............................................................................................................. III 前言 ................................................................................................................ 1 1 GPS 的組成及基本理論 ............................................................................. 2 GPS 的基本組成 .............................................................................. 2 GPS 系統(tǒng)基本原理 .......................................................................... 3 GPS 導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)基本原理 ......................................................... 3 GPS 接收機(jī) ............................................................................. 3 GPS 定位原理 ......................................................................... 4 2 硬件介紹 .................................................................................................... 6 STC89C52 ................................................................ 6 STC89C52 外觀介紹 .............................................................. 6 STC89C52 引腳功能 .............................................................. 6 STC89C52 的主要功能 .......................................................... 8 STC89C52 總控制電路 .......................................................... 8 晶振 .............................................................................. 12 上拉電阻 ........................................................................................ 13 SIRF 3III GPS 模塊 .................................................................... 14 SIRF 3III GPS 模塊參數(shù) ...................................................... 14 GPS NMEA0183 協(xié)議 ......................................................... 15 NMEA0183 協(xié)議詳解 ......................................................... 16 RoyalTek3571LP GPS 數(shù)據(jù)通信 .......................................... 19 藍(lán)色背光字庫(kù) LCD ......................................................................... 19 控制器 STN7920 ................................................................. 20 STN7920 部分指令詳解 ...................................................... 20 STN7920 初始化流程 .......................................................... 25 STN7920 與微機(jī)接口 .......................................................... 25 3 硬件電路 .................................................................................................. 27 系統(tǒng)框圖 ................................................................................. 27 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................... 27 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng) .................................................................. 27 GPS 模塊設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................... 29 電源模塊設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................... 29 基于單片機(jī)的 GPS 定位器設(shè)計(jì) IV 4 軟件設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 31 主程序流程 ................................................................................... 31 數(shù)據(jù)接收處理程序流程 ................................................................ 32 程序語(yǔ)句 ........................................................................................ 33 5 調(diào)試與檢測(cè) ............................................................................................... 36 硬件調(diào)試 ......................................