【正文】 第一篇：四級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)2京劇 Peking opera秦腔 Qin opera功夫Kungfo太極Tai Chi口技 ventriloquism木偶戲puppet show皮影戲shadowplay折子戲 opera highlights雜技 acrobatics相聲 witty dialogue edy刺繡 embroidery蘇繡 Suzhou embroidery泥人 clay figure書法 calligraphy中國(guó)畫 traditional Chinese painting水墨畫 Chinese brush painting中國(guó)結(jié) Chinese knot中國(guó)古代四大發(fā)明 the four great inventions of ancient China火藥 gunpowder印刷術(shù)printing造紙術(shù) papermaking指南針 the pass青銅器 bronze ware瓷器 porcelain。china唐三彩 tricolor glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰藍(lán)cloisonne秋千swing武術(shù) martial arts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture道教 Taoism墨家Mohism法家 Legalism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu莊子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孫子Sun Tzu象形文字 pictographic characters文房四寶(筆墨紙觀)the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)《大學(xué)》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《論語》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孫子兵法》The Art of War 《三國(guó)演義》Three Kingdoms 《西游爺己》Journey to the West 《紅樓夢(mèng)》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水滸傳》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海經(jīng)》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《資治通鑒》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史記》Historical Records 《詩經(jīng)》The Book of Songs 《易經(jīng)》The I Ching。The Book of Changes 《禮記》The Book of Rites 《三字經(jīng)》Threecharacter Scriptures 八股文 eightpart essay 五言絕句 fivecharacter quatrain 七言律詩 sevencharacter octave 旗袍 cheongsam 中山裝 Chinese tunic suit 唐裝 Tang suit 風(fēng)水Fengshui。geomantic omen 陽歷 Solar calendar 陰歷 Lunar calendar 閏年 leap year 十二生肖zodiac春節(jié) the Spring Festival 元宵節(jié) the Lantern Festival 清明節(jié) the Tombsweeping Day 端午節(jié) the Dragonboat Festival 中秋節(jié) the Midautumn Day 重陽節(jié) the Doubleninth Day 七夕節(jié) the Doubleseventh Day 春聯(lián) spring couplets 廟會(huì) temple fair 爆竹 firecracker 年畫(traditional)New Year pictures 壓歲錢 New Year giftmoney 舞龍dragon dance元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings 花燈 festival lantern 燈謎 lantern riddle 舞獅 lion dance 踩高蹺 stilt walking賽龍舟 dragon boat race 胡同hutong 山東菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 粵菜 Canton cuisine 揚(yáng)州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月餅 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油條 deepfried dough sticks 豆?jié){ soybean milk 饅頭 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鴨 Beijing roast duck 拉面 handstretched noodles 餛飩 wonton(dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 燒餅 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 100year egg。century egg 蛋炒飯 fried rice with egg 糖葫蘆 tomatoes on sticks 火鍋hot pot 長(zhǎng)城 the Great Wall of China 烽火臺(tái) beacon tower秦士臺(tái)皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵馬俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 絲綢之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟M(jìn)ogao Grottoes 華清池Huaqing Hot Springs 五臺(tái)山“Wutai Mountain 九華山Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai 黃山 Mount Huangshan。the Yellow Mountain 故宮 the Imperial Palace 天壇 the Temple of Heaven 午門 Meridian Gate 大運(yùn)河 Grand Canal 護(hù)城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸關(guān)Juyongguan Pass 九龍壁 the Nine Dragon Wall黃帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 蘇州園林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake 九寨溝Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布達(dá)拉宮Potala Palace 鼓樓 drum tower 四合院 quadrangle。courtyard plex 孔廟 Confucius Temple 樂山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha 十八羅漢 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛L(fēng)ama 轉(zhuǎn)世靈重 reincarnated soul boy 中藥 traditional Chinese medicine 《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》Emperor Huangdi’s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine 《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》Shennong’s Herbal Classic 《本草綱目》Compendium of MateriaMedica 針灸 acupuncture 推拿 medical massage 切脈 feeling the pulse 五禽戲 fiveanimal exercises 舊石器時(shí)代 the Paleolithic Age 新石器時(shí)代 the Neolithic Age。New Stone Age 母系氏族社會(huì) matriarchal clan society 封建的feudal 朝代 dynasty 秦朝 Qin Dynasty 漢朝 Han Dynasty 唐朝 Tang Dynasty 宋朝 Song Dynasty 元朝 Yuan Dynasty 明朝 Ming Dynasty 清朝 Qing Dynasty 秦士臺(tái)皇帝 Emperor Qinshihuang。the First Emperor of Qin 皇太后 Empress Dowager 漢高祖劉邦 Liu Bang, Emperor Hangaozu, founder of the Han Dynasty 成吉思汗Genghis Khan 春秋時(shí)期 the Spring and Autumn Period 文成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng 慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi 皇帝，君主 emperor。monarch 諸侯vassal 皇妃 imperial concubine 丞相，宰相 prime minister太監(jiān) court eunuch 少數(shù)民族 ethnic minority 祭祀 offer sacrifices 西域 the Western Regions 戰(zhàn)國(guó) the Warring States 中華文明 Chinese civilization 文明的搖籃 cradle of civilization 秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國(guó) unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang 鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)the Opium War 太平天國(guó) the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 戌戌變法 the Reform Movement of 1898 辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution 新民主主義革命 Newdemocratic Revolution 五四運(yùn)動(dòng) the May 4th Movement of 1919 南昌起義 Nanchang Uprising 918 事變 September 18th Incident 長(zhǎng)征 the Long March 西安事變Xi”an Incident 南京大屠殺Nanjing Massacre 抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) the War of Resistance Against Japan 毛澤東 Mao Tsetong 孫中山 Sun Yatsen 蔣介石 Chiang Kaishek 國(guó)民黨Kuomingtang 中華人民共和國(guó) the People’s Republic of China(PRC)滿族 Manchu 蒙古人Mongol 士大夫 scholarofficials 學(xué)者 scholar 詩人 poet 政治家statesman社會(huì)地位social status北京有無數(shù)的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來了無窮的魅力。北京的胡同不僅僅是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門建筑藝術(shù)。通常，胡同內(nèi)有一個(gè)大雜院，房間夠4到10個(gè)家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充滿了友善和人情味。如今，隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同被新的高樓大廈所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下來。參考答案In Beijing, there are life of mon people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of mon people but also a kind of , there is a courtyard plex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 , life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine , with rapid social and economic development, many hutongsare replaced by new tall hope hutongs can be ：翻譯為bring endless charm to。，而英文習(xí)慣上用整句表述，句內(nèi)不太重要的信息會(huì)用 | 介詞短語或從句來補(bǔ)充說明，如本段中“胡同內(nèi)有一個(gè)大雜院，房間夠4到10個(gè)家庭的差不多20口人住”是：兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系的漢語短句，翻譯成英文時(shí)可將第二句用with介詞結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)出來，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。：翻譯為full of friendliness and genuine humanity。：翻譯為with rapid social and economic development，也是with介詞短語的應(yīng)用，在句中作伴隨狀語。中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食是節(jié)日必不可少的伴侶。例如，我國(guó)的端午節(jié)(the Dragon Boat Festival)是紀(jì)念古代詩人屈原的日子。那一天，人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿，象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。因此，中秋節(jié)(The Midautumn Festival)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅。春節(jié)是中國(guó)的農(nóng)歷新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常見的家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制傳統(tǒng)食物，如鉸子和年糕。參考答案Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and pe