【正文】 大連海事大學 畢 業(yè) 論 文 二○ 一三 年 六 月 ┊┊┊┊┊┊┊裝┊┊┊┊┊┊┊訂┊┊┊┊┊┊┊線┊┊┊┊┊┊┊ 圖像區(qū)域分割算法設計 專業(yè)班級： 20xx 級自 動化 (2)班 姓 名： 邵 東東 指導教師： 申麗然 信息科學技術學院 I 摘 要 數(shù)字圖像處理技術是一個跨學科的領域。隨著計算機科學技術的不斷發(fā)展，圖像處理和分析逐漸形成了自己的科學體系，新的處理方法層出不窮，盡管其發(fā)展歷史不長，但卻引起各方面人士的廣泛關注。 首先，視覺是人類最重要的感知手段，圖像又是視覺的基礎，因此，數(shù)字圖像成為心理學、生理學、計算機科學等諸多領域內的學者們研究視覺感知的有效工具。其次，圖像處理在軍事、遙感、氣象等大型應用中有不斷增長的需求。 本文介紹了數(shù)字圖像處理技術中圖像分割技術的基本原理和主要方法， 對經典的圖像分割算法進行了較全面的敘述 。 圖像分割就是把圖像分成若干個特定的、具有獨特性質的區(qū)域并提出感興趣目標的技術和過程。它是由圖像處理到圖像分析的關鍵步驟。 現(xiàn)有的圖像分割方法主要分以下幾類：基于閾值的分割方法、基于區(qū)域的分割方法、基于邊緣的分割方法以及基于特定理論的分割方法等 。本文根據 MATLAB 的 GUI 相關知識 建立了顯示界面 ， 可以對圖片進行預處理、多種方法的分割、顯示灰度直方圖和保存分割的圖片。 全文先后 用閾值法、 邊緣檢測法和區(qū)域提取法進行了仿真，對分割出來的圖片加以比較，探討 各種分割法的優(yōu)點與不足。 實驗證明， 沒有一種方法是 通用 的 分割理論，因此現(xiàn)已提出的分割算法大都是針對具體問題的，并沒有一種適合于所有圖像的通用的分割算法。但是可以看出，圖像分割方法正朝著更 快速、更精確的方向發(fā)展，通過各種新理論和新技術結合將不斷取得突破和進展。 關鍵詞： 圖像分割 ； 閾值 ； 邊緣檢測；區(qū)域生長 II ABSTRACT Digital image processing technology is an interdisciplinary field. With the continuous development of puter science and technology, image processing and analysis, gradually formed its own scientific the new treatment methods emerge in endlessly. Although its history is not long, but cause the extensive concern of all aspects of people. First of all, the visual is the most important human cognitive means, is the basis of the visual image, as a result, digital images bee the psychology, physiology, puter science, and many other scholars in the fields of effective tool for the study of visual perception. Secondly, the image processing in the military, remote sensing, meteorology and other large applications with growing demand. Digital image processing techniques were introduced in this paper with its the basic principle and main methods of image segmentation technology in the classic image segmentation algorithm for the more prehensive narration. Image segmentation is to divide the image into several specific area, unique quality and interested target technology and process are put forward. It is a key step from image processing to image analysis. Existing mainly in the following categories: threshold segmentation method, region segmentation, edge detection and segmentation method based on specific theory, etc. In this paper, based on MATLAB GUI knowledge display interface is established. It can be for image preprocessing, a variety of methods of segmentation,showing the gray level histogram and saving the segmentation of images. The text has used threshold method, the edge method and region extraction method has carried on the simulation, the partition of the image are pared, the advantages and shortings of all kinds of segmentation are discussed. Experiments show that no one approach is general theory of segmentation, therefore we has proposed segmentation algorithm is mostly directed at specific issues. There is not a general segmentation algorithm that is suitable for all images. But it can be seen that image segmentation method is moving toward more rapid, more accurate direction, through a variety of new theory and new technology will continue to make a breakthrough and progress. Keywords: Image segmentation。 Threshold。 Edge detection。 Region growing III 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 .................................................................................................................. 1 選題的背景及意義 ......................................................................................... 1 圖像分割的基本現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................... 1 圖像分割技術的發(fā)展趨勢 ................................................................... 2 本論文的主要工作及內容安排 ..................................................................... 2 第 2 章 圖像分割技術綜述 .......................................................................................... 3 圖像分割基本概念 ......................................................................................... 3 基于閾值的分割方法 ........................................................................... 4 基于邊緣的分割方法 ........................................................................... 4 基于區(qū)域的分割方法 ........................................................................... 5 結合特定理論工具的分割方法 ........................................................... 5 灰度直方圖 ........................................................................................... 6 均值濾波 ............................................................................................... 6 GUI 簡介 ......................................................................................................... 7 本章小結 ......................................................................................................... 8 第 3 章 基于閾值的圖像分割方法的仿真實現(xiàn) .......................................................... 9 引言 ................................................................................................................. 9 直方圖雙峰法 ................................................................................................. 9 最大類間方差法 ........................................................................................... 11 迭代法 ........................................................................................................... 12 本章小結 ....................................................................................................... 13 第 4 章 基于邊緣的圖像分割方法的仿真實現(xiàn) ........................................................ 14 引言 ............................................................................................................... 14 梯度算子 ....................................................................................................... 14 拉普拉斯算子 ........