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HUBEI UNIVERSITY FOR NATIONALITIES 學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 論文題目 基于人工蜂群算法的直流電機(jī) PID 控制器設(shè)計(jì)與仿真 I 鄭重 聲明 本人的畢業(yè)論文為《基于人工蜂群算法的直流電機(jī) PID 控制器設(shè)計(jì)與仿真》,該論文是在指導(dǎo)老師的幫助和我查閱很多相關(guān)資料下獨(dú)立完成的。本人謹(jǐn)守學(xué)術(shù)道德,從不弄虛作假,文中引用的部分已經(jīng)標(biāo)明。本論文的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬于學(xué)校,學(xué)校享有借閱,發(fā)表,申請專利等的權(quán)利。 特此聲明 論文作者: 簽字日期: 年 月 日 II 摘 要 隨著人類在電力電子領(lǐng)域的不斷深入,直流電機(jī)及其控制器得到了越來越廣泛的使用。我們在享受其帶來的便利的同時(shí)也越來越多地發(fā)現(xiàn)了它們的不足。或者說,現(xiàn)行的直流電機(jī) PID 控制器的穩(wěn)定性、魯棒性等性能指標(biāo)由于日益增長的電力電子等行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)要求的提高而逐漸跟不上要求。這時(shí) 候我們?yōu)榱颂岣呖刂破鞯母鱾€(gè)性能指標(biāo),我們必須將新的算法引入控制系統(tǒng)中,來達(dá)到提升控制器的各個(gè)性能指標(biāo)。 可是,現(xiàn)如今,由于控制器的各個(gè)性能指標(biāo)之間有著相互約束的關(guān)系,以及由于實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過程中的研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)成本帶來的性價(jià)比等因素,使得 PID控制器的設(shè)計(jì)邁向新的臺階產(chǎn)生了重重困難。考慮到這些因素的存在,我們須找到一種能在權(quán)衡所有因素之后找到一個(gè)最優(yōu)解決方案來解決這個(gè)問題。 這時(shí)候,我們想到了人工蜂群算法。所謂人工蜂群算法,就是將蜜蜂采蜜人工化。蜜蜂采蜜時(shí),將局部內(nèi)所有食物源進(jìn)行優(yōu)劣對比,找到局部最佳值。而蜂群工作則 可以將各個(gè)局部最優(yōu)疊加產(chǎn)生整體最優(yōu)。 這樣的一種算法的優(yōu)勢在于,不知道被控對象的精確函數(shù)模型也能完成控制。它完成控制的方式,僅僅只是不斷的將問題的優(yōu)劣性做對比來完成整個(gè)控制器的控制過程。 于是,基于人工蜂群算法的直流電機(jī) PID 控制器設(shè)計(jì)的工作開始了。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 直流電機(jī), PID 控制器,人工蜂群算法 III ABSTRACT With the continuous deepening of the human in the field of power electronics, DC motor and its controller are used more and more widely. We enjoy the convenience it brings is also increasingly found their deficiency. Or say, stability, robustness and performance index of PID controller for DC motor current due to power electronics industry growing production requirements increase gradually with no requirements. At this moment we are in order to improve the performance index of the controller, we must make the new algorithm is introduced into the control system, to achieve the promotion of each performance index of the controller. However, nowadays, due to the relation between each performance index of the controller, and the R amp。 D, production in the process of production costs caused by price and other factors, makes the PID controller design to a new level have many difficulties. Considering these factors, we must find a can find an optimal after weighing all the factors of solution to solve this problem. IV At this time, we think of the artificial bee colony algorithm. The socalled artificial bee colony algorithm, is the bee is artificial. Bees, all the food source locally in on pros and cons, find a local optimum value. The bee work can will produce the best overall each local optimal superposition. In such an algorithm39。s advantage, do not know the precise function model of controlled object can plete control. It pletes the control mode, control process is just continuing to do parison problem to plete the entire controller. So, artificial bee colony algorithm design of DC motor PID controller based on the work started. Keywords: DC motor, PID controller, artificial bee colony algorithm V 目 錄 摘 要 .............................................................................................................................. II ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... III 目 錄 .............................................................................................................................V 第一章 緒論 .................................................................................................................... 1 引言 ................................................................................................................... 1 研究的背景和意義 .............................................................................................. 1 研究背景 ................................................................................................. 2 研究意義 ................................................................................................. 1 課題的研究現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................................. 2 國內(nèi)外 直流電機(jī) PID 控制器技術(shù)的發(fā)展 .................................................... 2 現(xiàn)行 PID 控制存在的問題 ......................................................................... 2 本論文的主要內(nèi)容 .............................................................................................. 4 第二章 基于人工蜂群算法的直流電機(jī) PID 控制器相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)理論 ....................................... 5 直流電機(jī) PID 控制器相關(guān)參數(shù) ............................................................................ 5 比例控制 P .............................................................................................. 5 積分控制 I .............................................................................................. 5 微分控制 D .............................................................................................. 6 人工蜂群算法的基本原理 ................................................................................... 7 初始化時(shí)期 .............................................................................................. 8 雇傭蜂時(shí)期 .............................................................................................. 8 觀察蜂時(shí)期 .............................................................................................. 8 偵查蜂時(shí)期 .............................................................................................. 9 小結(jié) ........................................................................................................ 9 第三章 直流電機(jī) PID 控制器的選擇與論證 ..................................................................... 10 PID 控制簡述 ................................................................................................... 10 PID 控制的分類 ...........