【正文】
廣西大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 基于單片機的高壓電動機保護 I 摘 要 高壓 電動機作為拖動系統(tǒng)中的重要組成部分在國民經(jīng)濟中占有舉足輕重的地位 。由于高壓電動機被大量應(yīng)用于極端惡劣的環(huán)境中其保護問題就顯得十分重要。 近年來 隨著微電子技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展, 電 動 機保護 裝置的發(fā)展趨勢是 微型化、數(shù)字化、智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,并在性能上向 著 高精確度、高可靠性、高環(huán)境適應(yīng)性方向發(fā)展。 本文 以高壓異步電動機為例, 對 其 常見故障及相應(yīng)保護原理進行分析,并 在此基礎(chǔ)上 簡單設(shè)計 了 保護單元, 同時 配以 LED 數(shù)碼管等外圍設(shè)備構(gòu)成保護系統(tǒng) 。 該設(shè)計的硬件部分以 ATmega16 為系統(tǒng)的核心 ,通過對電壓、電流 和 溫度 數(shù)據(jù) 進 行 采集并進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,從而即時準確 判斷并消除故障 。 該設(shè)計的軟件部分對系統(tǒng)的主要流程 做出 了說明,講述了單片機如何對處理得到的數(shù)字信號進行監(jiān)視 和 判斷處理,及時發(fā)出報警或跳閘信號, 從 而更好地提高 電動機 運行的安全性和可靠性 。 考慮到電動機保護裝置 通常 安裝在較惡劣的現(xiàn)場環(huán)境中, 為保證單片機系統(tǒng)能夠穩(wěn)定、可靠地工作, 本文 還 對 其 進行了抗干擾設(shè)計。 關(guān)鍵 詞 : 高壓電 機 微機保護 單片機 故障診斷 廣西大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 基于單片機的高壓電動機保護 II Design on HighTension Motor Protection Based on SCM Abstract As one of the important elements of in the drive system, the hightension motor is highly important in the national economy. Due to the hightension motor is widely used in the extreme environment the protection of the hightension motor has bee a concernment. With microelectronics technology being rapidly developed in recent years, microminiaturization, digitizing, intelligence and working are the development trend of motor protection devices, and which develop toward high accuracy, high reliability and high environment adaptability. Taking the hightension asynchronous motor for an example the paper analyses the mon faults and corresponding protection principle, and the protection unit is simply designed on this basis, the LED nixie tube and other peripheral devices are added to make up the protect system. The design of hardware takes ATmega16 SCM as the core, judges and eliminates faults promptly and accurately by collecting and processing the voltage, current and temperature. The design of software introduces the main flow of the system, telling how SCM monitor and judge the handled digital signals, and sends warning or trip signal timely, thus makes the motor running more safe and reliable. Considering that the protection device usually works in the extremely bad environment, the antiinterference design is also done in the paper to ensure the SCM system being able to work steadily and reliably. Keywords: hightension motor。 microputer protection。 SCM。 fault diagnosis 廣西大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 基于單片機的高壓電動機保護 III 目 錄 摘 要 ..................................................................................................................... I Abstract................................................................................................................ II 第一章 緒論 .........................................................................................................1 課題背景及意義 .....................................................................................1 高壓電動機保護的歷史及現(xiàn)狀 .............................................................1 微處理器的發(fā)展與特點 .........................................................................3 論文的主要工作 .....................................................................................3 第二章 高壓電動機故障分析 .............................................................................5 異步電動機的運行原理 .........................................................................5 異步電動機的基本結(jié)構(gòu) .........................................................................5 高壓電動機故障類型及不正常運行狀態(tài) .............................................6 第三章 高壓電動機保護原理分析 .....................................................................7 高壓電動機保護的基本要求 .................................................................7 高壓電動機保護原理分析 .....................................................................7 過流保護 .......................................................................................9 負序 電流保護 ...............................................................................9 零序電流保護 .............................................................................10 電壓保護 .....................................................................................10 過熱保護 ..................................................................................... 11 第四章 硬件電路設(shè)計 .......................................................................................12 微機保護的基本原理及其特點 ...........................................................12 微機保護裝置的構(gòu)成 ...........................................................................12 硬件設(shè)計概述 .......................................................................................13 主系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 ...................................................................................14 ATmega16 微處理器 ..................................................................14 多路模擬開關(guān) .............................................................................14 溫度采集系統(tǒng) .............................................................................16 電壓電流采集系統(tǒng) .....................................................................17 廣西大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 基于單片機的高壓電動機保護 IV 采樣保持電路 .............................................................................22 濾波調(diào)理電路 .............................................................................23 AD 轉(zhuǎn)換電路 ..............................................................................23 輸入輸出通道 .............................................................................23 鍵盤與顯示設(shè)計 ...................................................................................25 鍵盤設(shè)計 .....................................................................................25 顯示設(shè)計 .....................................................................................26 系統(tǒng)外圍電路 .........................................................................................27 電源 ...........................................................................