【正文】 廣西大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 基于單片機(jī)的高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù) I 摘 要 高壓 電動(dòng)機(jī)作為拖動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中的重要組成部分在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占有舉足輕重的地位 。由于高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)被大量應(yīng)用于極端惡劣的環(huán)境中其保護(hù)問題就顯得十分重要。 近年來 隨著微電子技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展， 電 動(dòng) 機(jī)保護(hù) 裝置的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是 微型化、數(shù)字化、智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化，并在性能上向 著 高精確度、高可靠性、高環(huán)境適應(yīng)性方向發(fā)展。 本文 以高壓異步電動(dòng)機(jī)為例， 對(duì) 其 常見故障及相應(yīng)保護(hù)原理進(jìn)行分析，并 在此基礎(chǔ)上 簡(jiǎn)單設(shè)計(jì) 了 保護(hù)單元， 同時(shí) 配以 LED 數(shù)碼管等外圍設(shè)備構(gòu)成保護(hù)系統(tǒng) 。 該設(shè)計(jì)的硬件部分以 ATmega16 為系統(tǒng)的核心 ，通過對(duì)電壓、電流 和 溫度 數(shù)據(jù) 進(jìn) 行 采集并進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，從而即時(shí)準(zhǔn)確 判斷并消除故障 。 該設(shè)計(jì)的軟件部分對(duì)系統(tǒng)的主要流程 做出 了說明，講述了單片機(jī)如何對(duì)處理得到的數(shù)字信號(hào)進(jìn)行監(jiān)視 和 判斷處理，及時(shí)發(fā)出報(bào)警或跳閘信號(hào)， 從 而更好地提高 電動(dòng)機(jī) 運(yùn)行的安全性和可靠性 。 考慮到電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)裝置 通常 安裝在較惡劣的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境中， 為保證單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)能夠穩(wěn)定、可靠地工作， 本文 還 對(duì) 其 進(jìn)行了抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)。 關(guān)鍵 詞 ： 高壓電 機(jī) 微機(jī)保護(hù) 單片機(jī) 故障診斷 廣西大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 基于單片機(jī)的高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù) II Design on HighTension Motor Protection Based on SCM Abstract As one of the important elements of in the drive system, the hightension motor is highly important in the national economy. Due to the hightension motor is widely used in the extreme environment the protection of the hightension motor has bee a concernment. With microelectronics technology being rapidly developed in recent years, microminiaturization, digitizing, intelligence and working are the development trend of motor protection devices, and which develop toward high accuracy, high reliability and high environment adaptability. Taking the hightension asynchronous motor for an example the paper analyses the mon faults and corresponding protection principle, and the protection unit is simply designed on this basis, the LED nixie tube and other peripheral devices are added to make up the protect system. The design of hardware takes ATmega16 SCM as the core, judges and eliminates faults promptly and accurately by collecting and processing the voltage, current and temperature. The design of software introduces the main flow of the system, telling how SCM monitor and judge the handled digital signals, and sends warning or trip signal timely, thus makes the motor running more safe and reliable. Considering that the protection device usually works in the extremely bad environment, the antiinterference design is also done in the paper to ensure the SCM system being able to work steadily and reliably. Keywords: hightension motor。 microputer protection。 SCM。 fault diagnosis 廣西大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 基于單片機(jī)的高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù) III 目 錄 摘 要 ..................................................................................................................... I Abstract................................................................................................................ II 第一章 緒論 .........................................................................................................1 課題背景及意義 .....................................................................................1 高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)的歷史及現(xiàn)狀 .............................................................1 微處理器的發(fā)展與特點(diǎn) .........................................................................3 論文的主要工作 .....................................................................................3 第二章 高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)故障分析 .............................................................................5 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行原理 .........................................................................5 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) .........................................................................5 高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)故障類型及不正常運(yùn)行狀態(tài) .............................................6 第三章 高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)原理分析 .....................................................................7 高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)的基本要求 .................................................................7 高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)原理分析 .....................................................................7 過流保護(hù) .......................................................................................9 負(fù)序 電流保護(hù) ...............................................................................9 零序電流保護(hù) .............................................................................10 電壓保護(hù) .....................................................................................10 過熱保護(hù) ..................................................................................... 11 第四章 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................12 微機(jī)保護(hù)的基本原理及其特點(diǎn) ...........................................................12 微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置的構(gòu)成 ...........................................................................12 硬件設(shè)計(jì)概述 .......................................................................................13 主系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................14 ATmega16 微處理器 ..................................................................14 多路模擬開關(guān) .............................................................................14 溫度采集系統(tǒng) .............................................................................16 電壓電流采集系統(tǒng) .....................................................................17 廣西大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 基于單片機(jī)的高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù) IV 采樣保持電路 .............................................................................22 濾波調(diào)理電路 .............................................................................23 AD 轉(zhuǎn)換電路 ..............................................................................23 輸入輸出通道 .............................................................................23 鍵盤與顯示設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................25 鍵盤設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................25 顯示設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................26 系統(tǒng)外圍電路 .........................................................................................27 電源 ...........................................................................