【正文】 I 家庭安防巡邏定位系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) （硬件 部分 ） 摘 要 隨著各國(guó) 經(jīng)濟(jì)和 科技 現(xiàn)代化的 持續(xù) 發(fā)展， 對(duì)于安全 問(wèn)題 來(lái)說(shuō)，是一個(gè)國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安的主要 的 保證，更是 我們 普通百姓安居樂(lè)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ) 保障 。國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng) 更是 離不開 對(duì)安全 的 重視 ， 并且 穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的重要 的 前提 要素 ，是構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的重要 的 基礎(chǔ)。穩(wěn)定 是來(lái) 源于安全，沒(méi)有了安全 就 更不必談穩(wěn)定 和 發(fā)展 了 。 20xx 年我國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已經(jīng)躍居世界第二 ， 大部分家庭也已經(jīng)進(jìn)入小康社會(huì) ， 居民收入財(cái)產(chǎn)增加，但是社會(huì)不穩(wěn)定因素還存在。人們對(duì)于保障人身財(cái)產(chǎn)安全有了迫切的需求，安防的需求越來(lái)越多，并且也越 來(lái)越高。家庭安防巡邏定位 系統(tǒng)在 這種環(huán)境下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生 ，解放了勞動(dòng)力，使得 安防 管理向著科學(xué)化，無(wú)人化，自動(dòng)化的趨勢(shì)發(fā)展。 本文提出了一種基于 RFID 無(wú)線射頻 技術(shù)和 STC12C5A60S2 高速低功耗 單片機(jī)的智能家庭 安防巡邏定位系統(tǒng) 的設(shè)計(jì) 。 該系統(tǒng)使用 STC12C5A60S2 高速低功耗 單片機(jī)作為 主控 核心 處理器 ， 用 L298N 電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊驅(qū)動(dòng)小車 兩個(gè)直流減速電機(jī) ，用四路紅外循跡模塊進(jìn)行循跡， 并且 用 DHT11 溫 濕度傳感器對(duì) 房間 內(nèi)部 、廚房以及衛(wèi)生間等 的溫度、濕度 進(jìn)行采集 取樣 ， 用 MQ2 煙霧氣體傳感器對(duì)室內(nèi)煙霧進(jìn)行報(bào)警，用光電開 關(guān)對(duì)房屋的大門開關(guān)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè) ， 并通過(guò) RFID 模塊對(duì)房間進(jìn)行定位，各種 傳感器 將每個(gè)房間的信息參數(shù)采集反饋給單片機(jī)， 單片機(jī) 將 對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理 ，并將處理 后 的數(shù)據(jù) 通過(guò) GSM 模塊發(fā)送到屋主的手機(jī)上 ，即可通知到屋主 。 該系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行可靠，成本較低，硬件電路僅需若干傳感器和單片機(jī)即可實(shí)現(xiàn)。該系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了采集端與客戶端之間的通信，能把采集到的信息發(fā)送給客戶端， 客戶能第一時(shí)間獲取房間的實(shí)時(shí)狀態(tài) ，實(shí)現(xiàn)了 家庭環(huán)境 實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控 ，幫助在外的屋主 能夠 了解家中的安全狀況 。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： STC12C5A60S2， RFID， GSM， 安防，定位 II The Design of Home Security System With Patrol and Positioning（ Hardware Design） Abstract With the continuous development of national scientific and technological modernization, for security,is the main guarantee a stability of the state, it is the basis of ordinary people to live and economic growth is inseparable from the emphasis on security,stability is an important prerequisite for development,is an important foundation for building a harmonious from safety,no security, not to talk about stability and 20xx,China39。s GDP has ranked second in the world,most families have already entered a moderately prosperous society,increase revenue property of residents,but social instability are still the protection of personal and property safety of the people have urgent needs, security needs of more and more and more and security patrol positioning system came into being in this environment,the liberation of the labor force,making security management toward scientific, unmanned, automated trend. This design presents a microcontroller based on RFID technology and smart security patrol STC12C5A60S2 positioning system uses STC12C5A60S2 MCU as the master core, driving the car with the motor drive module, carried by four infrared tracking tracking module, with DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor inside the room temperature and humidity for the collection, use smoke gas sensor for indoor smoke alarm with photoelectric switch housing door switch status monitoring, and through RFID module to locate the room, various sensors to collect information on the parameters for each room back to the microcontroller, the microcontroller processes the data sent via GSM module phone homeowner.. The system is reliable, low cost, and can be realized by only a number of hardware circuit sensor and microcontroller. It establishes the munication between acquisition terminal and client, control threeway relay switch in accordance with the requirements of the client. The system achieves realtime monitoring and regulation of the greenhouse environment, to improve the best environment for the crops in order to achieve the purpose of high yield and quality. Key words: STC12C5A60S2, RFID, GSM, Security, Location III 目 錄 摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................ I Abstract ................................................................................................................................... II 目 錄 ......................................................................................................................................III 第 1 章 緒論 ........................................................................................................................... 1 課題的背景 .............................................................................................................. 1 課題的研究現(xiàn)狀 ...................................................................................................... 1 課題在國(guó)外的研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................... 1 課題在國(guó)內(nèi)的研究現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................ 2 課題研究的意義 ...................................................................................................... 2 設(shè)計(jì)的主要任務(wù) ...................................................................................................... 2 第 2 章 系統(tǒng)方案的提出 ....................................................................................................... 4 系統(tǒng) 設(shè)計(jì)思想 ........................................................................................................... 4 系統(tǒng)方案概述 ........................................................................................................... 4 系統(tǒng)方案框圖 .......................................................................................................... 4 系統(tǒng) 模塊化設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................... 5 第 3 章 硬件電路 ................................................................................................................... 6 硬件電路概述 .......................................................................................................... 6 STC12C5A60S2 單片機(jī) ........................................................................................... 6 STC12C5A60S2 的簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................ 6 STC12C5A60S2 引腳說(shuō)明 ............................................................................ 7 STC12C5A60S2 在本系統(tǒng)中的具體應(yīng)用 .................................................... 8 非接觸式 IC 卡 — Mifare One 卡 ............................................................................ 9 Mifare One 卡的結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................................... 9