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學(xué)校代碼: 學(xué) 號(hào): 0 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) B ACH ELO R DIS S ERTATIO N 論文題目: 年產(chǎn) 10萬噸磷酸一銨工藝設(shè)計(jì)(銨中合) 學(xué)位類別: 工學(xué)學(xué)士 學(xué)科專業(yè): 化學(xué)工程與工藝 作者姓名: 導(dǎo)師姓名: 完成時(shí)間: I 年產(chǎn) 10 萬噸磷酸一銨工藝設(shè)計(jì) (銨中和 ) 摘 要 中國是一個(gè)人口大國,擁有十幾億人口,而且還有不斷增加的趨勢,因此,食物的來源問題日益嚴(yán)峻,農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展成了必不可少的話題。但耕地面積總量將保持動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。因此,提高單位面積產(chǎn)量是增加糧食產(chǎn)量的重要途徑之一,而合理增施化肥又是提高單位面積產(chǎn)量的直接有效的措施 。磷銨是復(fù)合肥料最重要的品種,養(yǎng)分含量高,可做為肥料直接使用。 本設(shè)計(jì)主要針對(duì) 10 萬噸 /年粒狀磷酸一銨工藝及主要設(shè)備進(jìn)行,采用一二效蒸發(fā)方式達(dá)到節(jié)能同時(shí)又保證了設(shè)備投資合理,采用噴漿造料干燥一體化機(jī)節(jié)約了生產(chǎn)空間,內(nèi)有自循環(huán)螺旋返料系統(tǒng)解決了造料返料大問題,工藝過程合理,投資成本不高。 關(guān)鍵詞:磷酸一銨;工藝設(shè)計(jì) ;節(jié)能;合理 II Technological design of an 100000t Monoammonium enginerring project ( Ammonium neutralization reaction) Abstract China is a populous country, with billionplus populations, but also the trend of increasing, therefore, the problem of the food source is more and more serious, the development of agriculture became the essential topic. But the total cultivated land will keep dynamic balance. Therefore, increase unit area yield is one of the important ways to increase food production, and reasonable to add fertilizer is directly effective measures to increase the unit area output. Ammonium phosphate pound fertilizer is the most important varieties, high nutrient content, can be used as fertilizer directly. This design is mainly aimed at 100000 t/a granulated monoammonium phosphate process and main equipments, using two effect evaporation achieve energy saving at the same time to ensure the reasonable investment in equipment, adopting deflecting drying integration of shotcrete machine to save the production space, with the circular spiral returns system can solve the problem of the deflecting returns big, reasonable technological process, investment cost is not high. Keywords: monoammonium phosphate。Process design。energy conservation。 reasonable III 目錄 第一章 前言 .................................................................. 1 磷酸一銨相關(guān)的物化性質(zhì) ............................................... 1 磷酸一銨的物理性質(zhì) .............................................. 1 磷酸一銨在農(nóng)業(yè)中的應(yīng)用 .......................................... 1 工業(yè)級(jí)磷酸一銨 .................................................. 2 我國日益重要的農(nóng)業(yè) .................................................... 2 第二章 磷酸一銨工藝的路線選擇 ................................................ 3 磷酸一銨的生產(chǎn) 方法 .................................................... 3 磷酸銨生產(chǎn)的化學(xué)反應(yīng)原理和物化性質(zhì) .................................... 3 銨中和反應(yīng) ...................................................... 3 磷酸銨的物理性質(zhì) ................................................ 3 磷 銨生產(chǎn)工藝 .......................................................... 4 第三章 工藝計(jì)算 .............................................................. 6 物料平衡計(jì)算 .......................................................... 6 計(jì)算條件 ....................................................... 6 氨中和系統(tǒng)物料恒算 ............................................. 6 濃縮系統(tǒng)物料恒算 .............................................. 10 干燥系統(tǒng)物料恒算 .............................................. 11 消耗定額及產(chǎn)品規(guī)格(按每噸磷銨產(chǎn)品計(jì)) ......................... 12 熱量平衡計(jì)算 ......................................................... 13 計(jì)算條件 ...................................................... 13 氨中和系統(tǒng)熱量衡算 ............................................ 14 濃縮系統(tǒng)熱量衡算 ..................................................... 16 噴漿造粒干燥機(jī)熱量 ................................................... 20 已知條件 ...................................................... 20 濃縮計(jì)算 ...................................................... 20 小時(shí)物料平衡圖 ....................................................... 21 小時(shí)物料平衡 .................................................. 21 小時(shí)物料平衡圖 ................................................ 22 第四章 主要設(shè)備的選型 ....................................................... 23 中和反應(yīng)器 ........................................................... 23 中和反應(yīng)器已知條件 ............................................ 23 中和反應(yīng)器計(jì)算 ................................................ 23 噴漿造粒干燥機(jī) ....................................................... 24 閃蒸室計(jì)算 ........................................................... 25 第 五章 廠區(qū)及車間布置設(shè)計(jì) ................................................... 26 總平面布置原則 ...................................................... 26 車間布置設(shè)計(jì)的意義 .................................................. 28 車間布置的原則 ...................................................... 29 車間布置設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................ 29 第七章 結(jié)論 ................................................................. 30 參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................... 31 IV 致謝 .........