【正文】 固體酸催化合成對硝基苯甲酸乙酯 的工藝研究 Study on Process of the Synthesis of Ethyl pNitrobenzoate Catalyzed by Solid Acid 目 錄 摘要 ................................................................................................................................................. I Abstract........................................................................................................................................II 引 言 ........................................................................................................................................... 1 第一章 概 述 .......................................................................................................................... 2 對硝基苯甲酸乙酯的性質(zhì)和用途 ................................................................................... 2 對硝基苯甲酸乙酯合成方法的介紹 ............................................................................... 2 液體酸催化法 ................................................................................................................ 2 有機(jī)磷酰化物催化法 .................................................................................................... 2 雙氧水催化法 ................................................................................................................ 3 酸性離子液體催化法 .................................................................................................... 3 固體酸催化法 ................................................................................................................ 3 固體酸催化劑 ................................................................................................................... 4 固體酸催化劑的簡介 .................................................................................................... 4 固體酸催化劑的種類、特點(diǎn)及有關(guān)酯化反應(yīng) ............................................................ 5 固體酸的制備 ................................................................................................................ 8 本課題研究的意義和主要內(nèi)容 ....................................................................................... 9 第二章 試驗部分 ................................................................................................................. 10 試驗原理 ......................................................................................................................... 10 試驗試劑與儀器 ............................................................................................................. 11 固體酸催化劑的制備 ..................................................................................................... 11 催化劑的設(shè)計 .............................................................................................................. 11 載體的選擇 .................................................................................................................. 12 固體酸催化劑的制備 .................................................................................................. 12 合成對硝基苯甲酸乙酯試驗 ......................................................................................... 12 對硝基苯甲酸乙酯合成反應(yīng) ...................................................................................... 12 固體酸催化劑的回收利用 .......................................................................................... 12 樣品純度的測定 .......................................................................................................... 12 酯收率的測定 .............................................................................................................. 12 產(chǎn)品熔點(diǎn)的測定 ........................................................................................................... 12 正交試驗設(shè)計方案 ......................................................................................................... 13 催化劑的重復(fù)使用對酯收率的影響 .............................................................................. 13 第三章 試驗結(jié)果分析及討論 .......................................................................................... 14 產(chǎn)品分析鑒定及純度分析 ............................................................................................. 14 各因素共同影響下的酯收率結(jié)果及分析 ..................................................................... 14 醇酸摩爾比的影響 ...................................................................................................... 16 反應(yīng)溫度的影響 .......................................................................................................... 16 反應(yīng)時間的影響 .......................................................................................................... 17 催化劑量的影響 .......................................................................................................... 18 結(jié) 論 ...............................................................