【正文】 ● CPU 簡(jiǎn)史 |微處理器發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史（英文） A Brief History of Computing Microprocessors 169。 Copyright 199620xx, Stephen White 1971 November 15 First microprocessor, the 4004, developed by Marcian E. Hoff for Intel, was released. It contains the equivalent of 2300 transistors and was a 4 bit processor. It is capable of around 60,000 Interactions per second ( MIPs), running at a clock rate of 108KHz. 1972 April 1 8008 Processor released by Intel. 1974 April 1 Introduction of 8080. An 8 Bit Microprocessor from Intel. 1976? Introduction of 8085. 1976 Z80 released by Zilog, and the basis for the puter boom in the early 1980s. It was an 8 bit microprocessor. CP/M was written for the Z80 as well as software like Wordstar and dBase II and it formed the basis for the Sinclair Spectrum of 1982. 1976 6502, 8 bit microprocessor developed and later chosen to equip the Apple II puter. Also fitted in the original Acorn machine, BBC Micro, Commodore 64 and Commodore PET. 1978 June 8 Introduction of 8086 by Intel, the first mercially successful 16 bit processor. It was too expensive to implement in early puters, so an 8 bit version was developed (the 8088), which was chosen by IBM for the first IBM PC. This ensured the success of the x86 family of processors that succeeded the 8086 since they and their clones are used in every IBM PC patible puter. The available clock frequencies are , 8 and 10 MHz. It has an instruction set of about 300 operations. At introduction the fastest processor was the 8 MHz version which achieved MIPs and contained 29,000 transistors. 1979 June 1 Introduction of 8088, a step down from the 8086 as it contains just an 8 bit data bus but this makes it cheaper to implement in puters. 1979 The 68000 Microprocessor launched by Motorola. Used by Apple for the Macintosh and by Atari for the ST series. Later versions of the processor include the 68020 used in the Macintosh II. 1981? Introduction of 80186/80188. These are rarely used on PCs as they incorporate a built in DMA and timer chip and thus have register addresses inpatible with other IBM PCs. 1982 February 1 80286 Released. It supports clock frequencies of up to 20 MHz and implements a new mode of operation, protected mode allowing access to more memory (up to 16 Mbytes pared to 1 MB for the 8086. The virtual address space can appear to be up to 1 GB through the use of virtual memory). It includes an extended instruction set to cope with this new mode of operation. At introduction the fastest version ran at MHz, achieved MIPs and contained 134,000 transistors. 1985 October 17 80386 DX released. It supports clock frequencies of up to 33 MHz and can address up to 4 GB of memory and virtual memory of up to 64 TERABYTES! It also includes a bigger instruction set than the 80286. At the date of release the fastest version ran at 20 MHz and achieved MIPs. It contained 275,000 transistors. 1988 June 16 80386 SX released as a cheaper alternative to the 80386 DX. It had a narrower (16 bit) time multiplexed bus. This reduction in pins, and the easier integration with 16 bit devices made the cost savings. 1989 April 10 80486 DX released by Intel. It contains the equivalent of about million transistors. At the time of release the fastest version ran at 25 MHz and achieved up to 20 MIPs. Later versions, such as the DX/2 and DX/4 versions achieved internal clock rates of up to 100 MHz. 1991 April 22 80486 SX released as cheaper alternative to 80486 DX the key difference being the lack of an integrated . 1993 March 22 Intel Pentium released. At the time it was only available in 60 amp。 66 MHz versions which achieved up to 100 MIPs, with over million transistors. 1994 March 7 Intel Release the 90 amp。 100 MHz versions of the Pentium Processor. 1994 October 10 Intel Release the 75 MHz version of the Pentium Processor. 1995 March 27 Intel release the 120 MHz version of the Pentium processor. 1995 June 1 Intel release the 133 MHz version of the Pentium processor. 1995 November 1 Pentium Pro released. At introduction it achieved a clock speed of up to 200 MHz (there were also 150, 166 and 180 MHz variants released on the same date), but is basically the same as the Pentium in terms of instruction set and capabilities. It achieves 440 MIPs and contains million transistors this is nearly 2400 times as many as the first microprocessor, the 4004 and capable of 70,000 times as many instructions per second. 1996 January 4 Intel release the 150 amp。 166 MHz versions of the Pentium Processor. They contain the equivalent of over million transistors. 1996 October 6 Intel release the 200 Mhz version of the Pentium Processor. 1997 January 8 Intel released Pentium MMX (originally 166 and 200 Mhz versions), for games and multimedia enhancement. To most people MMX is simply another 3letter acronym and people wearing coloured suits on Intel ads, and to programmers in meant an even further expanded instruction set that provides, amongst other functions, enhanced 64bit support but software needs to be specially written to work with the new functions. A major rival clone, the AMDK6MMX containing a similar instruction set, caused a legal challenge from Intel on the right to use the trademarked name MMX it was not upheld. 1997 May 7 Intel Release their Pentium II processor (233, 266 and 300 Mhz versions). It featured, as well as an increased instruction set, a much larger onchip cache. 1997 June 2 Intel release the 233 MHz Pentium MMX. 1998 February Intel released of 333 MHz Pentium II processor. Codenamed Deschutes these processors use the new micron manufacturing process to run faster and generate less heat than before.