organizationstructure組織結(jié)構(gòu)(已修改)
2025-01-28 08:59 本頁面
【正文】 第八章： Organization Structure 組織結(jié)構(gòu) 組織是管理的重要職能之一。本章對(duì)組織中的有關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了較全面的介紹，本章的主要內(nèi)容包括：組織的基礎(chǔ)；縱向結(jié)構(gòu)；橫向結(jié)構(gòu)；組織一體化。 第一節(jié)： Fundamentals of anizing組織的基礎(chǔ) Organization chart The reporting structure and division of labor in an anization. 組織圖：一個(gè)組織里的匯報(bào)結(jié)構(gòu)和勞動(dòng)分工。 The chart provides a picture of the reporting structure and the various activities that are carried out by different 構(gòu)和不同個(gè)體執(zhí)行的不同任務(wù)。 The traditional anization chart boxes represent different 作。 titles in the boxes show the work performed by each 。 and authority relationship are indicated by solid lines showing superiorsubordinate 線注明了匯報(bào)和職權(quán)關(guān)系，顯示了上下級(jí)的聯(lián)系。 of management are indicated by the number of horizontal layers in the chart. All persons or units that are of the same rank and report to the same person are on one 。所有同一級(jí)別并向同一個(gè)人報(bào)告的個(gè)人或單位都在同一個(gè)等級(jí)水平上。 Differentiation差異化 Differentiation An aspect of the anization’ s internal environment created by job specialization and the division of labor. 差異化：組織的內(nèi)部環(huán)境的一個(gè)方面，由工作專業(yè)化和勞動(dòng)分工而產(chǎn)生。 Differentiation means that the anization is prised of many different units that work on different kinds of tasks, using different skills and work 任務(wù)的不同單位構(gòu)成，這些單位分別采用不同的工作技能和工作方法。 Differentiation is created through division of labor and job specialization. Division of labor means that the work of the anization is subdivided into smaller tasks. Various individuals and units throughout the anization perform different tasks. Specialization, in turn, refers to the fact that different people or groups often perform specific parts of the entire task 差異化由勞動(dòng)分工和專業(yè)化分工而產(chǎn)生，勞動(dòng)分工意味著組織中的工作被分為更小的工作任務(wù)，由企業(yè)中的不同個(gè)人和單位完成不同的任務(wù)。專業(yè)化指不同的個(gè)人或單位只負(fù)責(zé)完成整個(gè)工作任務(wù)中的某些特定部分。 Secretaries and accountants specialize in, and perform, different jobs。 similarly, marketing, finance, and human resources tasks are divided among those respective 而從事不同的工作；與此類似，營銷、財(cái)務(wù)、和人力資源工作被劃分為不同的部門。 The numerous tasks that must be carried out in an anization make specialization and division of labor necessities. Otherwise the plexity of the overall work of the anization would be too much for any 同的任務(wù)，從而使專業(yè)化和勞動(dòng)分工成為必然，要不然，組織中工作的復(fù)雜性是任何個(gè)人都難以全部勝任的。 Differentiation is high when there are many subunits and many kinds of specialists who think ，眾多專家的思維方式不同時(shí)，差異化程度較高。 Integration一體化 Integration The degree to which differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts. 一體化：差異化工作單位一起工作和協(xié)調(diào)他們工作的程度。 As anizations differentiate their structures, managers must simultaneously consider issues of integration. All of the specialized tasks in an anization cannot be performed pletely independently. Because the different units are part of the larger anization, some degree of munication and cooperation must exist among them. Integration and its related concept, coordination, refer to the procedures that link the various parts of the anization to achieve the anization’ s overall ，管理者必須同時(shí)考慮一體化的問題。組織中所有的專業(yè)化工作任務(wù)都不可能獨(dú)立的完成。因?yàn)檫@些不同的單位都是某個(gè)更大組織的一部分，它們之間必然存在著某種程度的溝通和合作。一體化以及與其相關(guān)的概念協(xié)調(diào)，指的是連接組織中各個(gè)部分以實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)整體使命的程序和步驟。 Integration is achieve through structural mechanisms that enhance collaboration and coordination. Any job activity that links different work units performs an integrative function. Remember, the more highly differentiated your firm, the greater the need for integration among the different 制實(shí)現(xiàn)。任何一項(xiàng)連接不同工作單位的行動(dòng)都執(zhí)行著一體化的職能。 第二節(jié)： The vertical structure 縱向結(jié)構(gòu) In order to understand issues such as reporting relationships, authority, responsibility, and the like, we need to begin with the vertical dimension of a firm’ s 、職權(quán)、職責(zé)等等概念，我們需要從組織結(jié)構(gòu)的縱向?qū)用骈_始。 1. Authority in anizations
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