【正文】 :58:2023:58Feb238Feb23 1越是無(wú)能的人，越喜歡挑剔別人的錯(cuò)兒。 :58:2023:58:20February 8, 2023 1他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國(guó)見(jiàn)青山。一家醫(yī)院可以按小孩、成年人、精神問(wèn)題病人、急診病人來(lái)組織服務(wù)。大公司可以圍繞幾個(gè)不同的職能組織起來(lái)，比如，卡麥克公司有專門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)財(cái)務(wù)、房地產(chǎn)、制作、廣告、信息系統(tǒng)、技術(shù)和特許權(quán)的副總裁。 Delegation is the assignment of authority and responsibility to a subordinate at a lower level. It requires that the subordinate report back to his or her boss as to how effectively the assignment was carried out. Delegation is perhaps the most fundamental feature of management, because it entails getting work done through others. 授權(quán)是將職權(quán)和責(zé)任分配給更低一級(jí)下屬。高層管理者通常由 CEO、總裁、業(yè)務(wù)總監(jiān)、財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān)和其他關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)導(dǎo)組成。任何一項(xiàng)連接不同工作單位的行動(dòng)都執(zhí)行著一體化的職能。 of management are indicated by the number of horizontal layers in the chart. All persons or units that are of the same rank and report to the same person are on one 。所有同一級(jí)別并向同一個(gè)人報(bào)告的個(gè)人或單位都在同一個(gè)等級(jí)水平上。 第二節(jié)： The vertical structure 縱向結(jié)構(gòu) In order to understand issues such as reporting relationships, authority, responsibility, and the like, we need to begin with the vertical dimension of a firm’ s 、職權(quán)、職責(zé)等等概念，我們需要從組織結(jié)構(gòu)的縱向?qū)用骈_(kāi)始。 CEO并非單獨(dú)作出關(guān)鍵決定，而是經(jīng)常與高層管理團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)會(huì)，共同作出決策。它要求下屬反過(guò)來(lái)向他或她的老板報(bào)告任務(wù)完成的情況。 The advantages of the functional anization職能型組織的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 1. Economies of scale can be 夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì) 2. Monitoring of the environment is more 3. Performance standards are better 4. People have greater opportunity for specialized training and indepth skill 練和深度技能的發(fā)展 5. Technical specialists are relatively free of administrative 脫身 6. Decision making and lines of munication are simple and clearly 通的渠道簡(jiǎn)單且容易理解。 3 The matrix anization 矩陣型組織 Matrix anization An anization posed of dual reporting relationships in which some managers report to two superiors—a functional manager and a divisional manager. 矩陣型組織：由兩個(gè)報(bào)告關(guān)系組成的組織，在這種組織中，一些管理者向兩個(gè)上級(jí) —職能管理者和事業(yè)部管理者報(bào)告。 2023年 2月 8日星期三 上午 8時(shí) 58分 20秒 08:58: 1比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。 08:58:2023:58:2023:58Wednesday, February 8, 2023 1知人者智，自知者明。 08:58:2023:58:2023:582/8/2023 8:58:20 AM 1越是沒(méi)有本領(lǐng)的就越加自命不凡。 08:58:2023:58:2023:58Wednesday, February 8, 2023 1乍見(jiàn)翻疑夢(mèng)，相悲各問(wèn)年。 customer and geographical divisions顧客和地域型事業(yè)部 Some panies build divisions around groups of customers or around geographical distinctions. A hospital may anize its services around child, adult, psychiatric, and emergency cases. 一些公司依靠顧客或地理區(qū)域建立事業(yè)部。 Functional departmentalization is mon in both large and small anizations. Large panies may anize along several different functional groupings. For example, Carmike Cinema has vice presidents of finance, real estate, operations, advertising, information systems, technical, and 門(mén)結(jié)構(gòu)在大公司和小公司里都很普遍。 4 Delegation授權(quán) Delegation The assignment of new or additional responsibilities to a subordinate. 授權(quán)：將新的或另外的責(zé)任分派給下屬。 The top management team 高層管理團(tuán)隊(duì) Increasingly, CEOs share their authority with other key members of the top management team. Top management teams are typically prised of the CEO, president, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, and other key executives. Rather than make critical decisions on their own, CEOs regularly meet their top management teams to make decisions as a unit. 現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的情況是由 CEO與高層管理團(tuán)隊(duì)的其他關(guān)鍵成員共享權(quán)力。 Integration is achieve through structural mechanisms that enhance collaboration and coordination. Any job activity that links different work units performs an integrative function. Remember, the more highly differentiated your firm, the greater the need for integration among the different 制實(shí)現(xiàn)。 and authority relationship are indicated by solid lines showing superiorsubordinate 線注明了匯報(bào)和職權(quán)關(guān)系，顯示了上下級(jí)的聯(lián)系。 Differentiation差異化 D