測(cè)繪工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯資料jsp(1)(已修改)
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【正文】 Unit 13 Geoid and Reference Ellipsoid（大地水準(zhǔn)面和參考橢球）The Earth’s physical surface is a reality upon which the surveying observations are made and points are located.（地球物理表面【或者說(shuō)，地球自然表面】是一個(gè)實(shí)體，測(cè)量工作【observation觀測(cè)】在其上進(jìn)行，點(diǎn)位在其上進(jìn)行定位。）However, due to its variable topographic surface and overall shape, it cannot be defined mathematically and so position cannot be puted on its surface.（然而，由于【due to】它的起伏不定的【variable可變的、不定的，這里按中文習(xí)慣譯為起伏不定的】地形表面和總的【overall】形狀，它不能被數(shù)學(xué)的定義，因此點(diǎn)位也不能在其上進(jìn)行計(jì)算。）It is for this reason that in surveys of limited extent, the Earth is treated as flat and plane trigonometry used to define position.（正是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因，在有限范圍內(nèi)的測(cè)量中，地球被當(dāng)成平的，并用平面三角學(xué)【trigonometry三角學(xué)】來(lái)確定位置。）If the area under consideration is of limited extent, orthogonal projection of this area onto a plane surface may result in negligible distortion.（如果在考慮中的【under consideration在考慮中的】區(qū)域是有限范圍的，該區(qū)域在一個(gè)平面【plane surface】上的正交投影【orthogonal projection】導(dǎo)致的【直譯為導(dǎo)致，可以意譯為：其結(jié)果】是可以忽略的【negligible可以忽略的】變形【distortion】）Plane surveying techniques could be used to capture field data and plane trigonometry used to pute position.（平面測(cè)量技術(shù)可以被用來(lái)獲取外業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)，平面三角學(xué)用來(lái)計(jì)算位置坐標(biāo)）However, if the area extended to a large area beyond limitation and treated as a flat surface the effect of the Earth’s curvature will produce unacceptable distortion.（然而，如果該區(qū)域延伸【extend】為一個(gè)大的區(qū)域超過(guò)了限度，把它當(dāng)成一個(gè)平面，地球的曲率影響【effect】將產(chǎn)生不可被接收的【unacceptable】變形）It can also be clearly seen that the use of a plane surface as a reference datum for the elevations of points is totally unacceptable.（同樣可以明顯的【clearly】看到，用平面作點(diǎn)的高程的參考基準(zhǔn)是完全【totally完全地】不可被接受的【不可以的】。）Therefore, to represent horizontal positions and elevations on maps and charts, we need a mathematical model of the Earth which includes a set of numbers for the size and shape of the Earth.（因此，為了在地圖和海圖【chart海圖、圖表】上表示【represent】出水平和高程位置，我們需要一個(gè)地球的數(shù)學(xué)模型，它包括一系列地球大小和形狀的參數(shù)【number這里譯為參數(shù)parameter參數(shù)】）We will define a mathematical surface that approximates to the shape of the area under consideration and then fit and orientate it to the Earth’s surface.（我們將定義一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)表面接近【approximates接近v.】于被考慮的【under consideration】
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