【正文】 Specialized English for Automobile Unit one Automobile Structure Contents I. Prequestions II. Text Explanation III. Exercises ?Types of Modern Automobiles ?1） cars ?2） passenger cars ?3） trucks ?4） tractors and vehicle bination ?5） special type vehicle ?6） Selfdumping car ?7） farm vehicle ?8) offroad vehicle I. Prequestions Special vehicle car Tractor Truck Passenger Cars with respect to engine arrangement and driving type engine arrangement and driving type diagram front engine 、 frontwheel drive front engine 、 rearwheel drive Rear engine、 rearwheel drive I. Prequestions ?Do you know who built the first car in the world and when? ?Karl Benz ?In 1886 I. Prequestions ?How many main parts does the automobile consist of? 1engine 2chassis 3body 4electrical system I. Prequestions ?Which is called the “ heart” of automobile? ?An engine that is used to supply power for an automobile ?What is the chassis posed of? ?driving system, running gear, steering system and brake system. I. Prequestions Driving system Brake system Steering system running gear I. Prequestions ? What is the electrical system posed of? ?The electric system includes the battery, generator, starting system, ignition system, lighting system, horn system, radio and other devices. I. Prequestions ?What are the functions of the four systems? ?Driving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels. ?Suspension system?s function is to increase strength and durability of ponents and to meet customers? requirements for riding fort and driving safety. ?Steering system is used to control the driving direction of an automobile. ? Brake system is used to retard the motion of the vehicle. I. Prequestions ?In other words, any automobile is posed of the sections such as engine, chassis, body and electric system. ?In other words 換句話說(shuō) ?be posed of 由 …. 組成 ? 譯文： 換句話說(shuō)，任何一輛汽車都是由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤、車身和電器設(shè)備組成的。 II. Text Explanation ?In other words ?In other words, they remain relatively constant or static. 換句話說(shuō)，它們相對(duì)的穩(wěn)定、靜止。 ? In other words, we have adhered to scientific socialism. 也就是說(shuō)，我們堅(jiān)持了科學(xué)社會(huì)主義。 ?be posed of ?Navy must be posed of surface ship unit and submarine unit. ?海軍一定是由水面艦艇部隊(duì)和潛艇部隊(duì)組成。 II. Text Explanation ?The internal bustion engine burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the bustion or “explosion” into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. ?The internal bustion engine 內(nèi)燃機(jī) ?Convert …..into….. 使轉(zhuǎn)變 , 轉(zhuǎn)換 ... ?Propel , 驅(qū)使 ?譯文： 內(nèi)燃機(jī)在汽缸內(nèi)燃燒燃料，然后把燃燒或者“爆炸”所產(chǎn)生的膨脹力變成旋轉(zhuǎn)力，用以推動(dòng)車輛前進(jìn)。 II. Text Explanation ?Convert …..into….. ?They converted the garage into a theater. 他們將車庫(kù)改成戲院。 ?convert water into ice. ?將水變成冰 ?converting feet into meters. ?將英尺換算成公尺 II. Text Explanation ? Brake system is a balanced set of mechanical and hydraulic devices used to retard the motion of the vehicle by means of friction. ? Hydraulic [hai?dr??lik] adj. 液壓的 , 水力的 ? Retard [ri?t??d] vt. 延遲 , 使減速 ,阻礙 ? Friction [ ?frik??n] , 摩擦力 ? 譯文： 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是一套平衡的機(jī)械和液壓設(shè)備，它可通過(guò)摩擦來(lái)阻止車輛的運(yùn)動(dòng)。 II. Text Explanation ?by means of 用 ….. 方式（方法），依靠 ?They succeeded by means of perseverance. ?他們依靠堅(jiān)忍不拔而獲得成功。 ?He always goes to school by means of bike ?他總是騎自行車上學(xué) II. Text Explanation II. Text Explanation ? In 1956, the No. 1 Auto Plant was established in Changchun, and turned out the first batch of liberation automobiles for our country. ? establish , 設(shè)立 , 確定 ? turned out vt. 生產(chǎn) , 起床 , 翻出 , 制造 , 關(guān)掉 ? 譯文： 在 1956年，一汽在長(zhǎng)春成立了，并且為我們國(guó)家生產(chǎn)出了第一批解放牌轎車。 ?turn out ?A vast crowd turned out to watch the match. ?大群的觀眾到場(chǎng)觀看比賽。 ?If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans. ?萬(wàn)一下雨的話，我們也許得改變計(jì)劃。 II. Text Explanation III. Exercises ? Translate the following expressions into Chinese. ? chassis ? driving system ? internal bustion engine ? steering system ? braking system ? clutch ? gearbox ? universal joint ? propeller shaft ? generator ?底盤 ?傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) ?內(nèi)燃機(jī) ?轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) ?制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) ?離合器 ?變速箱 ?萬(wàn)向節(jié) ?驅(qū)動(dòng)軸 ?發(fā)電機(jī) ?Identify the English names of clutch according to the picture. 1 2 3 456 III. Exercises 1engine。 2clutch。 3gearbox。 4propeller shaft。 5differential。 6rear axle ?The motor vehicle engine is basically a device for converting the internal energy stored in its fuel into mechanical energy. It is classified as an internal bustion engine by virtue of this energy conversion taking place within the engine cylinders . Since the term ”energy” implies the capacity to perform work, the engine is thus able to propel the vehicle along the road and, within limits, overe unwanted opposition to its motion arising from rolling friction and air drag. To facilitate this process the engine is bined with a transmission system. III. Exercises ?I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. ?In effect, the driving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels. ?實(shí)際上，傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的作用是將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力傳遞到驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪。 ?The electric system supplies lighting and driving power for the automobile. ?電氣系統(tǒng)可為汽車提供照明和驅(qū)動(dòng)的電力。 ?The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. ?車身的式樣為汽車提供了誘人的，多彩的，現(xiàn)代的外觀形象。 III. Exercises ? 汽車主要由四個(gè)部分組成，他們是：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤、車身和電氣設(shè)備。 ? An automobile is generally posed of four sections such as engine,chassis, body and electrical system. ? 傳動(dòng)系由離合器、變速箱、傳動(dòng)軸、后橋、差速器、從動(dòng)輪組成。 ? The transmission system consists of clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle ,differential and the driving road wheels.。 III. Exercises II