【正文】 . Translate the following sentences into English. ?氣門機(jī)構(gòu)的作用是及時(shí)地吸入新鮮的混合氣和排出廢氣 ?The valve gear provides timely admission of the fresh charge into the cylinders and exhaust of spent gases from them. III. Exercises Specialized English for Automobile Specialized English for Automobile Unit 21 Main Components of Engine Contents Ⅰ ． Prequestions II. Text Explanation III. Exercises I. Prequestions The heart of automobile ?What impression of the engine? plicated power I. Prequestions ?What are there types of the engine? ?electric motors, steam engines, and internal bustion engines ?What?s the internal bustion engine? ?burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the bustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. I. Prequestions Singlecylinder engine cylinder piston Piston pin Connecting rod crankshaft Oil pipe Intake valve Exhaust valve Timing gear Oil pump ?what is the power source of automobile and how to produce? piston piston pin connecting rod crankshaft Engine Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. The connecting rod transmits the upanddown motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion. I. Prequestions ?The engine prises two mechanism and five systems, what are they ? ?crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism, ?valve gear, ?cooling system, ?lubricating system, ?fuel system, ?starting system, ?ignition system I. Prequestions connecting rod flywheel crankshaft piston intake valve exhaust valve push rod tappet timing gears ■ Valve gear ■ Connecting rod Engine cooling system Engine lubricating system Fuel supply system Valve gear ?What?s the function of the crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism? ? Its function is to convert heat energy into mechanical energy used to drive the vehicles. I. Prequestions ?The internal bustion engine, as its name indicates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the bustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. ?譯文： 內(nèi)燃機(jī)， 顧名思義 ，就是燃料在氣缸內(nèi)部燃燒，并且把燃燒時(shí)的膨脹力轉(zhuǎn)化為驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛的旋轉(zhuǎn)力。 II. Text Explanation ? Of all automobile ponents, an automobile engine is the most plicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an automobile. ? plicated [?k?mplikeitid] ? , 難解的 ? dominance [?d?m?n?ns] , 統(tǒng)治 ? 譯文： 汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是一切汽車部件中結(jié)構(gòu)最復(fù)雜，對(duì)汽車功能起支配作用的一個(gè)總成。 II. Text Explanation ?Its function is to convert heat energy into mechanical energy used to drive the vehicles. ?Convert……into….. 轉(zhuǎn)變；變換 ?譯文： 它的作用就是將熱能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能用來驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車 。 II. Text Explanation ?Convert…..into…. ?① 轉(zhuǎn)變；變換 ?That building has been converted into a school. ?那座樓房改成學(xué)校了。 ?②兌換 ?I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars. ?我想把一些港元換成美元。 ?③改變信仰、黨派或意見等 ?She managed to convert him to her opinion. ?她終于設(shè)法說服了他接受她的意見。 II. Text Explanation ?Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. ? linear [? lini?] adj. 線的 , 直線的 , 線 性的 ? piston [? pist?n] II. Text Explanation ?The piston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin, called a piston pin or wrist pin. ? attach to v. 連接 ?connecting rod 連桿 ? piston pin = wrist pin 活塞銷 II. Text Explanation ?The connecting rod transmits the upanddown motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion. ?transmit…to … 把 … 傳到 … ?which changes it into rotary motion 定語從句 II. Text Explanation ? diesel engines ? water pump ? the ignition distributor ? oil pan ? timing gear ? crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism ? valve gear ? fuel system ? exhaust pipe ? exhaust manifold III. Exercises ?Translate the following expressions into Chinese. ?柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) ?水泵 ?分電器 ?油底殼 ?正時(shí)齒輪 ?曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu) ?配氣機(jī)構(gòu) ?燃油系統(tǒng) ?排氣管 ?排氣歧管 ? 1cylinder head cover ? 2piston ? 3timing toothed belt ? 4water pump ? 5oil pan ? 6oil pump ? 7crankshaft ? 8flywheel ? 9distributor ? 10valve III. Exercises ?The crankshaft represents the final link in the conversion of reciprocating motion at the piston to one of rotation at the flywheel. In the cast of the multicylinder engine, the crankshaft has to control the relative motions of the pistons, while receiving their own impulses. A onepiece construction is most monly used for the motorvehicle crankshaft, which extends the whole length of the engine and must therefore possess considerable rigidity . III. Exercises ?The timingdrive for the engine valve mechanism is taken from the front end of the crankshaft as is the pulley and belt drive for the engine auxiliaries, such as the cooling fan and the alternator for electrical system. attached to the rear end of the crankshaft is the engine flywheel . III. Exercises ?I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. ?1． Engine is the power source of the automobile. Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. ?發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是汽車的動(dòng)力源 .它通過汽缸內(nèi)的活塞線性運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的 . ?2． The fuel system works according to the requirements of the engine as it provides an airfuel mixture which must be in proportion to the speed and load placed on the engine. ?燃油系統(tǒng)的作用是根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和負(fù)荷提供一定比例的可燃混合氣以滿足發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的需求。 III. Exercises ?3． The valve gear provides timely admission of the fresh charge into the cylinders and exhaust of spent gases from them. ?配氣機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)構(gòu)可定時(shí)的將新鮮氣體充入氣缸，并且將廢氣排放出去。 III. Exercises ?1．發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主要有兩大機(jī)構(gòu)五大系統(tǒng)組成。 ?An engine is mainly posed of two mechanisms and five systems. ?2．曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)主要包括機(jī)體組，活塞連桿組和曲軸飛輪組。 ?The crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism mainly consists of the